The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562339220190611CHARACTERIZATION AND CONSTRAINS OF SEMI-INTENSIVE BROILER PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN RURAL SECTOR OF AL-SHARKIA AND EL-QALIOBIA GOVERNORATES, EGYPT3113263435610.21608/epsj.2019.34356ENM. A.El-Menawey1. Dep. of Anim. Prod., Fac. of Agric., Cairo Uni., Giza, EgyptA. A.Attallah1. Dep. of Anim. Prod., Fac. of Agric., Cairo Uni., Giza, Egypt.Y. A.Abdel-Aziz2. Dep. of Anim.Prod. Sys. Res.h, Anim. Prod. Res. Ins., Agric.Res. Center, Minis. of Agric., Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Mai A.M.Yossif2. Dep. of Anim.Prod. Sys. Res.h, Anim. Prod. Res. Ins., Agric.Res. Center, Minis. of Agric., Dokki, Giza, Egypt.H. B.GharibDep. of Anim. Prod., Fac. of Agric., Cairo Uni., Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20190401This study was carried out to assess the current status of broiler production under semi-intensive system in Egyptian rural sector. Forty three of semi-intensive broiler production system producers were chosen using random sampling method. The study revealed that the flock size in the semi-intensive broiler production system ranged from 2000-3000 with average 2393 chicks. Interestingly, males were the only owner of flocks for the whole system. However, the majority of the producers (65.12%) had free jobs and 58.14% had attained high education level. For both producers were used commercial strains. Clearly, the producers used commercial rations represent 72.09%, while the other 27.91% used homemade (manual) rations. In general, the results indicated that there were insignificant differences detected in total feed intake/chick between the two governorates. The major constrains found in the studied areas, in order of their importance, were lack of access to formal credit, unavailability of feed, high cost of chick price, lack of quality feeds, high feeding cost, lack of training labours, diseases, lack of marketing information, high production elements cost and lack of veterinary services. Therefore, to improve semi-intensive broiler production system in Egypt, the experts from the government, research institutes, universities, non-government organizations (NGOs) and other relevant sectors need to work in a collaborative manner in order to allow sustainable production and fight challenges jointly whenever they arise.https://epsj.journals.ekb.eg/article_34356_a841b573f2b2dd08897542f74aed1c6f.pdfThe Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562339220190601ACIDIFICATION OF BROILER FEEDS IN RELATION TO BONE CHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL TRAITS3273443454210.21608/epsj.2019.34542ENMrwan Abdelaziz MahmoudAbdelazizPoultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt0000-0002-0371-2594A. I.EL FahamPoult. Prod. Dep., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Uni., 11241, Egypt.A. Y.M.AbdelhadyPoult. Prod. Dep., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Uni., 11241, Egypt.Journal Article20190401A number of 150 one-day old Arbor Acres broiler chicks, was used to examine effects of supplementing diets, with sodium formate, formic acid, probiotics or probiotics-enzymes mix, on growth performance, some blood parameters, tibia chemical composition, and biophysical traits. Birds were distributed into 5 groups; each group was subdivided into 3 replicates of 10 chicks. Birds of control group (T1) were fed basal diets with no supplements, while birds of other groups, were fed basal diets supplemented with 2 g sodium formate/ kg (T2); 2 ml formic acid/ kg (T3); 1 g probiotics/ kg (T4) and 1 g probiotics-enzymes mix/ kg (T5). Values of LBW and BWG were not affected by different treatments. Similarly, values of TFI and FCR appeared significantly similar. Also, Ca and P intake, was not affected by dietary treatments. Blood plasma Ca concentration was increased with (T2) group. While plasma ALP activity was increased with (T4) group. Conversely, plasma P concentration was not affected by dietary treatments. Tibia Ca percentage recorded higher value with (T5) group, while tibia DM was greater with (T1) group. Alternatively, tibia wet weight, ash, and P percentages, remained insignificantly affected by any of dietary treatments. Most of tibia physical traits (TL, TSD, MCD and TV), were significantly similar among all experimental groups, except for MTBW. Likewise, most of tibia mass indices (TRI, TSI, TI and CAI), were insignificantly affected by any of experimental treatments, excluding TD values. Greater tibia stress values were recorded with (T4) and (T5) groups. While, tibia strain, implied no significant differences among all groups. In the same way, tibia of (T4) group presented significantly higher figures of MOE, RY and MBF. It might be concluded that, supplementation basal diets with sodium formate or formic acid could maintain productive performance, while tibia traits were maintained better by feed-added probiotics.https://epsj.journals.ekb.eg/article_34542_74a45b19436efec5773b7ac86d81544d.pdfThe Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562339220190616SOME BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL, ANTIOXIDANT BIOMARKERS, LIPID PEROXIDATION, PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS TRAITS OF BROILER CHICKS SUPPLEMENTED WITH ALPINIA GALANGAL RHIZOMES EXTRACT DURING HEAT STRESS3453633500910.21608/epsj.2019.35009ENAbdel-Azeem S.Abdel-AzeemPoultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University.0000-0002-5230-4925M. M.Basyony2-Anim. Prod. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Doki, Egypt.Journal Article20190327One thousand one-day-old Cobb broilers were randomly allotted to four dietary groups to study the influences of various levels of nutritional supplementation of <em>Alpinia</em> galangal rhizomes extracts (AGRE) on blood biochemical components, antioxidant status biomarkers, lipid peroxidation, productive performance, and carcass traits of broilers beneath summer circumstances. The control set was fed a standard diet free of AGRE; the trial groups obtained the standard diet besides 250, 500, and 750 mg AGRE /kg. The trial time continued for six weeks. The obtain results showed that, in groups, 500 AGRE and 750 AGRE, plasma globulin, albumin, and total protein were significantly augmented. However, all levels of AGRE supplementary diets revealed significantly decreased in the plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, and total lipids. Total antioxidant capacity, glutathione S -transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were significantly augmented by supplementing nutritional AGRE, respectively. In contrast, malondialdehyde was lowered with rising AGRE levels. Chickens of group 750 AGRE had the lowest mortality and also, the most effective feed conversion ratio and body weight gain. Percentage of dressing, breast, and thigh significantly augmented for chicks consumed different levels of AGRE. Also, the group fed on AGRE recorded the highest abdominal fat compared with control group. Additional, liver, heart and gizzard weights were increased significantly in the group of chickens that received different levels of AGRE as compared with the control group. Ascending levels of AGRE supplementary in broiler diet affected the carcass meat, which was noticed an increase in crude protein, moisture and ether extract in breast meat compared to the control group. However, ascending levels of AGRE supplementary caused downward in crude protein contents of thigh meat compared to the control group. The present findings revealed that all tested levels of AGRE supplementations were useful against heat stress to downgrade the adverse effects of heat stress in broilers.https://epsj.journals.ekb.eg/article_35009_e3209f53cb39136fbfb66107541fed64.pdfThe Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562339220190601IMPACT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF THYME AND ITS ESSENTIAL OILS ON PERFORMANCE, BLOOD PARAMETERS, METABOLIC AND IMMUNE RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKENS3653793501610.21608/epsj.2019.35016ENF. S. A.IsmailDep. of Poult. Prod., Fac. of Agric.e, Mansoura Uni., Mansoura, 35516,EgyptM. R.El-GogaryDep. of Poult. Prod., Fac. of Agric.e, Mansoura Uni., Mansoura, 35516,EgyptM. N.El-MorsyDep. of Poult. Prod., Fac. of Agric.e, Mansoura Uni., Mansoura, 35516,EgyptJournal Article20190616The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with three levels of thyme (5, 10 and 15 g/kg) and its essential oils (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg) on growth performance, blood profiles, immune response and antioxidant status in broiler chickens. A total of one hundred-forty day-old unsexed broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 7 equal groups, each with 4 replicates, and kept in battery cages. Feed and water were offered <em>ad libitum </em>till the termination of the trial at 6 weeks of age. Growth performance and blood parameters were measured. The control group and the group fed 5 g/kg thyme were significantly better in their LBW and BWG as compared to other groups in the first three weeks of study and whole experimental period. On the other hand, feeding the diet having 5 g/kg thyme enhanced feed intake during the starter and whole experimental periods as compared to other groups. Broilers fed the diet fortified with1.0 g/kg thyme oil displayed significantly better feed conversion ratio than did other experimmintal groups during the starter and whole experimintal periods. Dietary treatments had no significant effect on the plasma levels of total lipids, triglycerides and total protein as well as activity of AST and ALT. It was observed that broiler chickens fed the diets conaining thyme and/or essential oils exhibited higher concentration of plasma HDL compared with the control group, with the highest concentration of HDL in 15 g/kg thyme-group. On the other hand, dietary supplementation with thyme or its essential oils led to a significant reduction in plasma LDL compared with control group. The humoral immune response was improved in broiler chickens fed the treated diets as evidenced by a significant increase in immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) compared with the control group. It is of great interest to notice that thyme and its essential oils administred-groups significantly increased TAC but decreased MDA as compared to the control group. Findings from this study highlighted the beneficial effect of thyme supplementation in diets at the rate of 5.0 g/kg on cholesterol , immunity and antioxidant status of broiler chickenshttps://epsj.journals.ekb.eg/article_35016_e0b5d24b7bf87965533b9c6ea32f7bd8.pdfThe Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562339220190616THE ROLE OF HISTOPATHOLOGY IN DIAGNOSIS OF FOWL ADENOVIRAL INFECTION IN BROILER CHICKENS- A CASE STUDY3813893503110.21608/epsj.2019.35031ENMehana El-SayedEl-Deeb1Dep. of Path. , Fac. of Vet. Med., Alexandria Uni.M. A.Mandour1Dep. of Path. , Fac. of Vet. Med., Alexandria Uni.Journal Article20190409Adenoviral infection induced many diseases in chickens and wild animals. The histopathology used as a diagnostic tool for diagnosis of adenoviruses. Nineteen broiler chickens(Ross308/2-3 weeks)) deaths were collected by the owner flocks , the veterinarian made a necropsy to the recent dead cases and sent to the pathology lab., Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, KSA. The routine vaccination done for both Marek's and IBD via (avinew + newovac(trt) + gumboro + vit (ad3e+b.k.) + boxygint).
The prominent clinical signs of the diseased chickens, mentioned by the owners) were lethergy, depression, ruffling feathers, hudding and unable to move .At necropsy, liver,(kidney and heart ) displayed swollen, pale yellow, friable and depressed necrotic foci surrounded by red zone. Redding with round edges and multifocal hemorrhagic area also observed. The histopathological findings were hepatocytic hydropic and fatty degeneration with coagulative necrosis with lymphoplasmacytic infiltrations and hemosiderosis. The pathognomonic intranuclear inclusion bodies (eosinophilic in 5 cases and basophilic in 14 cases) in the degenerated hepatocytes were also detected. We can conclude that Postmortem examination as well as the microscopic findings revealed hepatitis with basophilic and eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in the degenerated and necrotic hepatocytes due to adenoviral-like inclusion body hepatitis.https://epsj.journals.ekb.eg/article_35031_aff3c6de30c6e74af7a6e96ea7292b8b.pdfThe Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562339220190616USING WET FEED IN FEEDING JAPANESE QUAIL UNDER SUMMER CONDITIONS3914033503510.21608/epsj.2019.35035ENM. F.A.Farghly1Dept. of Poult.Prod., Fac. Agric., Assiut Uni., Assiut, Egypt.Ali Galal1Dept. of Poult.Prod., Fac. Agric., Assiut Uni., Assiut, Egypt.Enas A. M.Ahmad2Anim. and Poult. Prod. Dep., Fac. of Agric. and Nat. Res., Aswan Uni., Egypt.Journal Article20190421Many strategies to avoid the harmful effects of ambient high temperature can be applied on specific feed manipulations as wet feed. The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of using wet feed in hottest different times of day to alleviate the negative effects of heat stress during summer season in Upper Egypt. Hundred and twenty Japanese quail chicks (one-day old) were reared in batteries and assigned to four groups (30 birds /each). The chicks of first group (C) were full-fed <em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">ad libitum</span></em> fed dry mash feed. While, the first, second and third treatment (T1, T2 and T3) was fed on wet feed (1 part of feed to 1 part of water) for different periods during the noon (the highest recorded temperature hours during the day): 1000-1300h, 1300-1600h and 1000-1600h, respectively. All experimental chicks were raised under similar environmental and managerial conditions. The results showed that the third and fourth groups (T2; 1300-1600h or T3; 1000-1600h) had superior body weight, feed conversation, dressed carcass and mortality percentages compared to the other groups (control group, C and second group, T1). Otherwise, insignificant differences observed in feed consumption, plumage conditions and some blood parameters. It could be concluded that birds fed wet feed during all hottest period of day (1000-1600h) may help to decrease peaks of heat production, enhance evaporative activity and reduces heat load, resulting in positive effects on growth performance and health status of the birds reared in hot climate. Consequently, it could be recommended to present the feed for growing Japanese quail as wet form at hottest time of day under summer conditions.<br /> <br /> https://epsj.journals.ekb.eg/article_35035_fa785b3d8eb6281b0224c98e18539c51.pdfThe Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562339220190616POSSIBILITY OF BROILER PRODUCTION ON REUSED LITTER4054213503910.21608/epsj.2019.35039ENMohammed ShehataAbougabalDepartment of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.0000-0001-6001-690XJournal Article20190414This study examined the possibility of raising broiler chicks on partially or totally used litter and its effect on broiler performance, economic efficiency, carcass traits, litter characteristics, FPD score and welfare. At 7 day old, 360 Cobb broiler chicks were randomly allocated in 12 pens till 6 weeks of age, with 3 replicates of 4 experimental treatments contained 30 birds per pen. The treatments included; T1: new litter (NL), T2: mixed litter (NU), T3: 100% used litter (UL) and T4: 100% used litter treated with alum (UT). The results indicated that differences in most traits; LBW, FC, FCR, livability %, EPEI, economic feasibility, carcass traits and behavior patterns were insignificant (P<0.05) between different litter type groups. Except that, litter characteristics, FPD and FS grades were significant (P<0.05) between all types of litter where FP and FS scores were higher on used litter. Overall data trended to be numerically higher in NL group and always followed by UT group. In conclusion, results suggesting that recycling litter had no adverse effect on broiler performance, survival %, carcass traits, economic consideration and broiler welfare. Beside of that, alum amendment to composted reused litter offered an additional improvement on productive performance, litter quality and welfare. Our results provided evidence that, broiler chicks raised on reused treated litter can grow, perform and have welfare equal to that of birds reared on new litter. But, complementary studies measuring the impact on immune response, antioxidant enzymatic activity as well as a bacterial count, would be useful and necessary.<br /> <br /> https://epsj.journals.ekb.eg/article_35039_a765229654512805bac5680f8c351bcd.pdfThe Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562339220190616INFLUENCE OF CHROMIUM SOURCES ON PERFORMANCE OF GIMMIZAH CHICKENS FED LOW METABOLIZABLE ENERGY AND CRUDE PROTEIN DIETS4234423504710.21608/epsj.2019.35047ENAhmed Abd El AzizAnim. Prod. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Min. of Agric, Egypt.B. M.Abou-ShehemaAnim. Prod. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Min. of Agric, Egypt.0009-0009-8391-2382Marwa R.El-dekenAnim. Prod. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Min. of Agric, Egypt.M. E.FaragAnim. Prod. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Min. of Agric, Egypt.Journal Article20190415This study was done to investigate the influence of chromium sources (organic; Cr-yeast and inorganic; Crcl<sub>3</sub>) on the performance of Gimmizah chickens fed low metabolizable energy (LME) or low metabolizable energy and crude protein (LMECP) diets. A total number of 280 (245 hens + 35 cocks) of Gimmizah chickens (aged 28-weeks) were individually weighed and randomly divided into seven treatment groups, with five replicates for each (7 hens+1cock) and housed (open system) in 35 floor pens during the experimental period (28 - 44 weeks of age). The first group was fed the basal diet and served as a control (2750 kcal ME/kg diet + 17.0 %CP). The second one was fed low metabolizable energy diet (LME, 2600 kcal ME/kg diet + 17.0 % CP). The third group was fed low metabolizable energy and crude protein diet (LMECP, 2600 kcal ME/kg diet and 15.5 %CP).While the fourth and fifth groups were fed LME diet supplemented with 1200 µg/kg diet of organic or inorganic chromium (Cr), respectively. Whereas the sixth and seventh groups were fed LMECP diet supplemented with 1200 µg/kg diet of organic or inorganic Cr, respectively. The groups fed LME supplemented with both sources of Cr significantly improved egg production, egg mass, feed conversion ratio, shell thickness, Haugh units and SWUSA compared with the groups fed LME and LMECP diets and similarly equal with the control group. Layers fed LME supplemented with organic Cr significantly increased fertility, hatchability percent of both total and fertile eggs and chick weights compared with the groups fed LME or LMECP diets and were statistically equal with the control group. The blood concentration of total lipids, triglycerides, Ca, MDA, TAC, GSH and insulin were significantly improved for groups fed LME or LMECP supplemented with both sources of Cr compared with the other groups. Blood concentration of cholesterol, heterophil, phagocytic activity and phagocytic index for the group fed LME diet supplemented with organic Cr were significantly improved compared with the groups fed LME and LMECP diets. Economical efficiency value indicated that the group fed LME diet supplied with organic Cr recorded the highest economical efficiency (1.13) and relative economical efficiency (113.6 %) compared with the control group. In conclusion, addition both sources of Cr for LME diet improved and recovery the layer performance to the control group. However, addition of organic Cr for LME diet recorded the best economical efficiency compared with the other experimental groups.https://epsj.journals.ekb.eg/article_35047_a6938ac23b05efda0591b0e1e723431f.pdfThe Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562339220190618EFFECT OF MELATONIN SUPPLEMENTATION TO FREEZING EXTENDER ON POST-THAW SPERM KINETICS, ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND FERTILITY TRAITS IN BUCK RABBITS4434583555110.21608/epsj.2019.35551ENSherif MohamedDessoukiDepartment of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, EgyptOsama GalalSakrDepartment of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt.Journal Article20190512This study was carried out to monitor the fertilizing ability of rabbit semen frozen in the presence of melatonin as antioxidant. Semen from 10 mature Egyptian Baladi red bucks was pooled, extended with Tris-glucose-citric extender (1:1 v/v) supplemented by three concentrations of melatonin (10<sup>-9</sup>, 10<sup>-6</sup> and 10<sup>-3 </sup>M) in addition to control, and finally cryopreserved at -196°C. After thawing, sperm kinetics, antioxidant capacity and fertility traits were evaluated. The results showed that total and progressive motility percentages were higher significantly in samples cryopreserved by melatonin (10<sup>-6</sup> M) as compared to control group. Curvilinear and average path sperm velocities were significantly higher in melatonin groups of 10<sup>-9</sup> and 10<sup>-6</sup> M than in the control group. Supplementation of melatonin at 10<sup>-9 </sup>M and 10<sup>-6 </sup>M groups decreased (P < 0.05) malondialdehyde activity when compared to the control one. In contrast, the total antioxidant capacity and catalase activity were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated at concentration of 10<sup>-6 </sup>Mmelatonin as compared to the control group. In addition, transcript abundance of NFE2L2 and SOD1 genes increased in groups supplemented with melatonin compared to the control group.<br /> <br /> The fertility trial indicated that pregnancy rate, and the total and live born increased significantly (P < 0.05) in rabbit does inseminated with semen of 10<sup>-6 </sup>M melatonin group in compared to the control samples.<br /> Conclusively, these results concluded that using melatonin with 10<sup>-6 </sup>M level in rabbit freezing extenders could be recommended to improve semen quality and fertilizing ability of buck sperm post-thawing. https://epsj.journals.ekb.eg/article_35551_dd0dd60d36c089e48519e881dad167f4.pdfThe Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562339220190619GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC EVALUATION OF EGG PRODUCTION TRAITS IN SELECTION EXPERIMENT PERFORMED ON BENHA CHICKENS4594773593610.21608/epsj.2019.35936ENEl-Attrouny, M.M.1Dep. of Anim. Prod., Fac. of Agric. at Moshtohor, Benha Uni., Egypt.https://orcid.org/00Khalil, M.H.1Dep. of Anim. Prod., Fac. of Agric. at Moshtohor, Benha Uni., Egypt.0000-0002-6929-3011Iraqi, M.M.1Dep. of Anim. Prod., Fac. of Agric. at Moshtohor, Benha Uni., Egypt.El-Moghazy, GihanM2Reg. Center for Food and Feed, Agric. Res. Center, Egypt.Journal Article20190319A selection program for four generations (base and three selected generations) was started in 2011 inBenha University, Egypt to improve egg production traits in a synthetic line named Benha chickens. A total of 18 cockerels and 180 pullets were selected from Benha base population (control) according to their BLUP values for egg number during 90 days of laying Data of 756 pedigreed hens were used to obtain estimates of heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations and BLUP for egg production traits, age (ASM) and body weight at sexual maturity (BWSM), weight of the first egg (WFE), egg number (EN), rate of laying (RL), egg mass (EM) recorded during 90 days (EM90D) and 120 days (EM120D) of production after sexual maturity. The selection effects, correlated responses and the genetic and phenotypic trends for egg production traits across generations were quantified and clarified applying the updated approach of the animal model program of BLUPF90. Heritability estimates were moderate; being 0.27, 0.32, 0.42, 0.31, 0.34, 0.28, 0.33, 0.14 and 0.19 for ASM, BWSM, WFE, EN90D, EM90D, EN120D, EM120D, RL90D and RL120D, respectively. The ranges in BLUP of most egg production traits in the control generation were higher than those estimates in the selected generations. Accuracies of BLUP estimates for egg production traits in all generations (control and selected) were moderate or high. The three selected generations were superior in most egg production traits than the base generation (P <0.05) and the contrasts among estimates of these generations were significant (P<0.05). The phenotypic trend increased from 1642 to 1759 g, 28.1 to 30.2 g, 57 to 64 egg, 79 to 84 egg, 2593 to 2977g and 3651 to 4027 g for BWSM, WFE, EN90D, EN120D, EM90D and EM120D, respectively. The genetic trends across the generations clarifying that the initial BLUP estimates for BWSM, WFE, EN90D, EN120, EM90D, EM120D were 12 g, 0.07 g, 0.9 egg, 0.5 egg, 0.57 g and 38 g in the base generation, then gradually increasing as the generation of selection advanced till reached 21 g, 0.03 g, 2 egg, 2.2 egg, 72g and 63 g in the first generation, and reached 32 g, 0.52 g, 3.4 egg, 4 egg, 87 g and 89 g in the second generation and finally 45 g, 0.8 g, 4.8 egg, 5.5 egg, 102 g and 114g in the third generation, respectively. The accumulative correlated selection responses were 140.5 g, 1.99 g, 5.45 egg, 418 g, 371g, 7.52 % and 4.22 % for BWSM, WFE, EN120D, EM90D, EM120D, RL90D and RL120D, respectively.https://epsj.journals.ekb.eg/article_35936_bd7bcab8ce0a96778dcdf628cc9e51b8.pdfThe Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562339220190630EFFECT OF THERMAL MANIPULATION DURING INCUBATION AND SPRAYING JAPANESE QUAIL EGGS WITH ASCORBIC ACID ON EMBRYOGENESIS AND PHSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF HATCH CHICKS4794993928110.21608/epsj.2019.39281ENMostafa GalalAbdelfattahPoultry production Dep, Agriculture Facl, Assiut universityJournal Article20190602The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of spraying ascorbic acid on Japanese quail eggs submitted to high temperature during4<sup>th</sup> to 14<sup>th</sup> days of incubation period on embryogenesis, hatchability, embryonic mortality rate and chick quality.Six hundred Japanese quaileggs were divided into two equal groups of 300 eggs each according to incubation temperature. In the first group: eggs were incubated at 37.5°C (thermoneutral incubation temperature NIT 37.5°C)and 65% relative humidity (RH)from 1<sup>st</sup> to 14<sup>th</sup> days of incubation. The second group: (high incubation temperatureHIT 41°C): Eggs were incubated at 37.5°C during the first 3 days of incubation and from day 4<sup>th</sup> to 14<sup>th</sup> incubation temperature (IT) was raised to 41°C and RH65% for three hours per day. The eggs were evenly divided into three ascorbic acid (AA) treatments. The first one was sprayed with distilled water (control AA0), while, the second and third groups were sprayed with solutions containing 15 and 30gAA/L, respectively.The results concluded that HIT group had the highest embryo weight, embryonic mortalities and lower hatchability% compared to NIT group. The chicks weight (g) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentration were significantly lower (P≤0.05) in HIT group compared toNIT group. Glucose level and heterophil: lymphocyte (H: L) ratio wereincreased significantly (P≤0.01) as affected by thermal manipulations.The embryonic development, embryonic viability as well as hatchability improved by spraying ascorbic acid as compared to the untreated group.Values of glucose, T<sub>3</sub>, RBCs, PCV% and HGB were significantly increased in the blood of hatching chicks by spraying AA solutionas compared to control while, residual yolk and H: L ratio was significantly(P≤0.05) decreased by spraying AA solution . The embryonic development, internal organs%, PCV% and HGB has been affected by interaction between incubation temperature and ascorbic acid.<br /> <br /> It could be concluded that, spraying eggs of Japanese quail exposed to heat stress with AA solutions (15 or 30 g/L) daily during4<sup>th</sup> to 14<sup>th</sup> days of incubation period, may be an alternative method to minimize embryos heat stress and maximize the embryonic viability as well as hatchability, immunity of hatched chicks and chick quality.<br /> <br /> The results showed that body weightsat zero,4, 8 and 20 weeks of agewere significantly different (P≤0.01) between the two generationsthat improved by the individual selection. Also, there were highly significant differences between linesin body weight from zero to 20 weeks of age (P≤0.01) and the selected line had higher body weight than the control line over generations.There were highly significant differences between sexesin body weight from 4 to 20 weeks of age (P≤0.01) which male body weights from 4 to 20 weeks of age were higher than that of females in the two lines over generations. Sexual dimorphism was gradually increased from 4 to 20 weeks of age.There were highly significant differences (P≤0.01) between generations, lines and sex in shank lengthand keel length at all agesin the present study. It found some significant interactions between the main effects considering the different studied traits which mean that the effect did not due to the main effects, but it may refer to other factors than the main effects. Also, there were insignificant interactions between the main effects which mean that the variations between the studied traits were due to the main effects.<br /> It concluded that by using selection at 8 weeks of ageled to improve body weight and body conformation in Dandarawi chicken.https://epsj.journals.ekb.eg/article_39281_28d24dfbe751dfaf68ba9fa2647a8c8a.pdfThe Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562339220190601DIRECT RESPONSE DUE TO SELECTION FOR BODY WEIGHT AT EIGHT WEEKS OF AGE IN DANDARAWI CHICKEN: BODY WEIGHT AND CONFORMATION.5015173876910.21608/epsj.2019.38769ENM. A.Abuzaid,Dep. of Poult. Prod., Fac. of Agric., Assiut Uni., Assiut 71526, Egypt.M. AAbdellatif,Dep. of Poult. Prod., Fac. of Agric., Assiut Uni., Assiut 71526, Egypt.M. G.Abdelfattah,Dep. of Poult. Prod., Fac. of Agric., Assiut Uni., Assiut 71526, Egypt.Journal Article20190602This study was carried out at the Poultry Farm of Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, through two successive generations to study the effect of selection for high body weight at eight weeks of age on body weight and body conformation measurements (shank length and keel length) in Dandarawi chicken. The study involved 2932 pedigreed chicks obtained by mating 96 sires with 935 dams through two successive generations. The chicks in each generation divided into two lines, line (S) selected for high body weight and line (C) is the control line. Chickens were weighed from 0 to 20 weeks of age, shank length from 4 to 20 weeks of age and keel length from 8 to 20 weeks of age was measured for the two lines over generations.<br /> <br /> The results showed that body weightsat zero,4, 8 and 20 weeks of agewere significantly different (P≤0.01) between the two generationsthat improved by the individual selection. Also, there were highly significant differences between linesin body weight from zero to 20 weeks of age (P≤0.01) and the selected line had higher body weight than the control line over generations.There were highly significant differences between sexesin body weight from 4 to 20 weeks of age (P≤0.01) which male body weights from 4 to 20 weeks of age were higher than that of females in the two lines over generations. Sexual dimorphism was gradually increased from 4 to 20 weeks of age.There were highly significant differences (P≤0.01) between generations, lines and sex in shank lengthand keel length at all agesin the present study. It found some significant interactions between the main effects considering the different studied traits which mean that the effect did not due to the main effects, but it may refer to other factors than the main effects. Also, there were insignificant interactions between the main effects which mean that the variations between the studied traits were due to the main effects.<br /> It concluded that by using selection at 8 weeks of ageled to improve body weight and body conformation in Dandarawi chicken.https://epsj.journals.ekb.eg/article_38769_7b9c22adbe0483e2c26c1311be46fdb6.pdfThe Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562339220190630IMPACT OF CROSSING BETWEEN GABALI AND V–LINE RABBITS ON THE PRE-WEANING TRAITS BY USING TRIDIAGONAL AND GENETIC MERIT METHODS.5195363929010.21608/epsj.2019.39290ENTarik S.K.MRabieAnimal Production and Fish Resources Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University0000000196782323Nowier A.M.2Anim. Prod. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Minis. of Agric., Egypt.Abou-Zeid A.E.3Dep. of Anim. Prod., Fac. of Agric., Tanta Univ., Egypt.Khattab A.S.3Dep. of Anim. Prod., Fac. of Agric., Tanta Univ., Egypt.Journal Article20190602This study was done inside an assignment that intended to break down options and strategies for the progression of a rabbit line by using two pure breeds (V-line (V), and Gabali (G)). Records of 448 packs delivered by 45 does and 16 bucks were utilized to estimate covariance, Heritability (<em>h<sup>2</sup></em>), genetic and phenotypic correlations, and breeding values of litter traits were evaluated in composite of crossbreeding arrangement of ten mating groups. The initial five groups comprise of (G♂ X V♀) and reciprocal crosses (V♂ X G♀) for the other five groups. Each buck was represented as a sire to all litters in each group to create F<sub>1</sub> (½G ½V& ½ V½G sire breed is demonstrated first) for four parities. Weaning was performed at 28 days of kits age. Pre-weaning litter traits were measured (for instance, litter size at both birth (LSB), and at weaning (LSW); litter weight either at birth (LWB), and body weight at weaning (BWW)). Data were examined utilizing GLM and VARCOMP procedures of SAS took after by single and multi-trait animal model investigations (AM), which performed utilizing derivate free limited maximum likelihood (MTDFREML). The results revealed that <em>h<sup>2</sup></em> estimates for LSB and LSW were 0.133±0.01 and 0.15±0.063, respectively. The evaluations of coefficient of inconstancy (CV%) are 34.78% for LSB versus 39% for LSW, and 28.27% for LWB versus 33.53 % for BWW. The impact of mating groups on LSB and LSW, LWB and BWW had exceptionally significant being 7.921, 5.320, 0.402, and 0.450 kg for LSB, LSW, LWB and BWW for (G♂ X V♀), individually, while the proportional (V♂ X G♀) were 6.224, 4.80, 0.360, and 0.490 kg, separately. Parity significantly affected LSB, LWB, and BWW. Meanwhile, the impact of doe within buck as a random impact demonstrated an unacquainted impact altogether influenced all analyzed traits. Negative genetic correlation between litter size at birth and each of litter weight at birth and body weight at weaning. Additionally, environmental correlation between litter size at weaning and litter weight at birth was positive, while the environmental correlation between litter size at waning and body weight at weaning was negative but not significant. Furthermore, the precision of the evaluations of bucks breeding value (0.37 to 0.92) was higher than the exactness of doe (0.27 to 0.88) and progeny (0.36 to 0.85), which might be because of the higher number of descendants per buck. Subsequently, the outcomes demonstrated the significance of utilizing bucks of Gabali in rearing project to build the genetic advance.https://epsj.journals.ekb.eg/article_39290_70e5c9c2c98c66a32ce7e67dab3e0ffe.pdfThe Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562339220190630EVALUATION OF PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE IN TWO PLUMAGE-COLOR TYPES OF JAPANESE QUAIL USING MICROSATELLITE MARKERS.5375513929910.21608/epsj.2019.39299ENTarik S.K.MRabieAnimal Production and Fish Resources Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University0000000196782323Journal Article20190602Two plumage-color types of Japanese quail were used to compare the meat production potentialities using five selective microsatellite markers. A total number of birds was 189 for the two plumage-colors of quail [(Brown 114; 49 males, and 65 females), and (Golden 75; 42 males, and 33 females)], were used. Phenotypic data were live body weight at day1 (BW<sub>0</sub>) and measured weekly till the end of six' weeks of age (BW<sub>6</sub>). The weight gain was calculated for intervals. The analysis of variance for live body weight at different age’s data revealed that there was a highly significant difference on BW between plumage-color types (Br, and Gd) at the day1 of age (P≥0.001). At the 6<sup>th</sup> week of age (BW<sub>6</sub>), there was an interaction effect between the plumage-color type and sex where the females of the Br were highest weight (226.92± 3.75) compared to others (P≥0.05). Considering the weight gain trait, the results revealed that the plumage-color type had significant effect (P≥0.05) on weight gain at the early age (from day1 to the end of the 1<sup>st</sup> week, WG<sub>0-1</sub>), and WG<sub>1-2</sub>.<br /> <br /> On molecular technique basis, a total of twenty alleles were discovered across the two types of quails. The average of alleles per locus over loci and plumage-color types was 3.30 ±0.15 alleles. Only one private allele at 170bp with allele frequency 0.06 was present in Br for the locus GUJ0029. The polymorphic information content (<em>PIC</em>) average is 0.46 with the values ranging from 0.34 at locus GUJ0063 to 0.61 at locus GUJ0023. In addition, the inter-population genetic differentiation coefficient (<em>G<sub>ST</sub></em>) ranged from 0.0 of locus GUJ0077 to 0.077 of locus GUJ0029, and the inter-population genetic variation accounted for 3.6% of the total genetic variation. The variance among, and within individuals was observed as 93% and 7% of respectively by using AMOVA. Moreover, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium among the five loci was assessed. In spite of the fact that GUJ0077 locus was an exceptionally significant (P≥0.001) for Gd, it was not for Br. In like manner, the GUJ0059 locus was significant (P≥0.05) in Gd yet not in Br. Nevertheless, the general linear model analysis showed significant association in Gd between the locus GUJ0063 not only with live body weight at BW<sub>0</sub> (P≥ 0.05), but with gain weight at W<sub>2</sub>, and W<sub>4</sub> also (P≥ 0.05). Whereas, in Br type, the locus GUJ0029 was associated with BW<sub>5</sub> (P≥ 0.01) and BW<sub>6</sub> (P≥ 0.05). In addition, the same locus associated with weight gain at W1 (P≥ 0.05), and W2 (P≥ 0.01). Which exposed that both of GUJ0029, and GUJ0063 loci linked with the gene(s) that responsible regulator for quails' live body weight. In conclusion, these findings of this study confirm that the association between plumage-color and productive traits have prevailed and sanctioned by using the molecular markershttps://epsj.journals.ekb.eg/article_39299_62309edfe42d87606408f3556a6dabd9.pdfThe Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562339220190630EFFECT OF MULTI-ENZYMES ORAL ADMINISTRATION ON OXIDATIVE STRESS, ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES, AND BLOOD INDICES OF GROWING RABBIT MALES5535663932010.21608/epsj.2019.39320ENAbdel-Azeem S.Abdel-AzeemPoultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University.0000-0002-5230-4925Journal Article20190526The present research aimed to study the impacts of diverse doses of multi-enzymes (ME) ZAD<sup>®</sup> oral administration on oxidative stress, some antioxidant enzymes, and blood indices of growing rabbit males. At 4 weeks (average body weight 527.64±15.78 g), forty-five weaned rabbit males from V-line (VL) were randomly distributed to three groups. The control group received orally 1.0 ml distilled water (0.0 ZAD<sup>®</sup>), the experimental groups administrated orally with 0.75, and 1.25 ml ZAD<sup>®</sup>/rabbit/day, respectively. The experimental period lasted for 6 weeks. The values of derived compounds of reactive oxygen metabolites were decreased significantly (P≤0.01) with ME oral administration (ZAD<sup>®</sup>) levels, however, the values of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione S-transferase were enhanced significantly (P≤0.05). The results indicated that improvement of the scavenging capacity of the antioxidant defense system against oxidative stress processes in the treatment groups. The parameter hematological values containing red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, packed cell volume and mean corpuscular volume were improved significant (P≤0.05) with V-line rabbits groups which treated with ME oral administration (ZAD<sup>®</sup>) comparing with the control group. Some values of hematological blood in treated groups as mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and platelets count did not differ from those of the control group. There were highly significant differences (P≤0.001) between treatments on white blood cell counts, lymphocytes%, and neutrophils (N): lymphocytes (L) also were significant differences (P≤0.01) between treatments on neutrophils%. The highest value of WBC count and L% (12.11x103/µL and 63%), respectively noted with rabbits received 1.25 ZAD<sup>®</sup>/rabbit/day, while recording the lowest value of N% and N: L (25.9% and 0.41), respectively. https://epsj.journals.ekb.eg/article_39320_a9f926629f2a02fd8bd6022fb10491b9.pdfThe Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562339220190601EFFECT OF DIETARY YEAST SUPPLEMENTATION ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE, EGGSHELL QUALITY AND LIPID PROFILE OF LAYING HENS5675783977410.21608/epsj.2019.39774ENAhmed MohamedElkaiatyDepartment of animal production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo UniversityAml MohamedBadranPoultry Breeding Department, Animal Production Research Institute0000-0001-9166-2170A. A.Bayoumi3Poult. Nut.Dept., Anim. Prod. Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Ministry of Agric., Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Abeir A.Eshera2Poult. Breed. Dept., Anim. Prod. Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Ministry of Agric., Dokki, Giza, EgyptO. A.El-Sayed2Poult. Breed. Dept., Anim. Prod. Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Ministry of Agric., Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20190520One hundred and eighty Isa Brown layers, 40 weeks old, were used to study the role of dietary yeast supplementation on productive performance and cholesterol levels in laying hens. All hens were equally classified into four groups. The 1<sup>st</sup> group, hens were fed the basal diet without any supplementation (control), while those in the 2<sup>nd</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with yeast at levels of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6%, respectively. Feed consumption, feed conversion, egg production and eggshell traits, serum total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides concentrations as well as yolk and liver contents of cholesterol were measured.<br /> <br /> The obtained findings indicated that feed consumption for hens of yeast- supplemented groups was significantly lowered compared with control. The lowest amount of feed consumption was recorded for 0.6% yeast-treatment group. On the other hand, each of egg production, egg weight and feed conversion were not significantly influenced. The means of eggshell (weight, thickness, and breaking strength) for hens supplemented with 0.6% yeast were significantly improved compared with the other yeast-treated and control groups. Dietary yeast supplementation significantly reduced egg yolk and liver tissues cholesterol content comparing with control group. However, the lowest (P≤0.05) values were recorded for hens supplemented with yeast at 0.6%. Similarly, serum total lipids, and cholesterol as well as triglycerides levels were significantly lowered in yeast-treated groups than the control group.<br /> From the previous results, it could be recommended to use 0.6 % yeast in laying hen diets especially at late age to improve eggshell quality and produce low-cholesterol eggs.https://epsj.journals.ekb.eg/article_39774_f5ee1ad8c3ebc18a920d0fc2aed5508c.pdfThe Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562339220190601EFFECT OF DIETARY ZINC AND MANGANESE CHELATED WITH TRYPTOPHAN AND PROTEIN ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS TRAITS OF QUAIL5795974033410.21608/epsj.2019.40334ENGhada MElashryalexandria egyptJournal Article20190606The objective of this study was to determine the optimal dietary chelate of zinc and manganese on the growth performance, blood profile and carcass characteristic. A total number of 1050 unsexed quail chicks aged 7 days and averaged 23.7g body weight were divided randomly into five groups (210 birds each), each group was subdivided into three replicates, each with 70 birds. Birds were kept under the same administrative, healthy and environmental conditions The five treatment groups were fed as follows: The 1st group of birds was fed basal diet and served as control (T1), birds of the 2nd and 3rd groups were fed the same basal diet supplemented with 100 mg zinc tryptophan chelate (T2) and 100 mg zinc proteinate chelate (T3). While birds from the 4th and 5th groups were fed the same diets of control diet supplemented with 100 mg manganese tryptophan chelate (T4) and100 mg manganese proteinate chelate (T5). Feed and water were provided ad libitum throughout the experimental period. The trial lasted 5 weeks. The results indicated that body weight gain and feed conversion coefficient were influenced by supplemental levels of zinc and manganese proteinate chelates, the hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and white blood cell were significantly higher in groups T3 and T5. Total cholesterol level, LDL-cholestrol and glucose decreased in T3and T5 treatment ( Zn and Mn proteinate chelate). However, HDL-cholestrol level, Albumin, AST, ALT, ALP and calcium were significantly increase with chelated minerals treatments. The effect of treatment on the carcass traits and relative weight of the lymphoid organs were significantly increased. It is concluded that supplementing diets of Japanese quail with Mn and Zn chelate especially with protein had great influence on performance, blood profile and carcass characteristics as well as improved the immune response https://epsj.journals.ekb.eg/article_40334_2a34a9b655cad21abce7d24f8aa45f10.pdf