The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562338420181219THE EFFECT OF IN-OVO INJECTION OF SOME NUTRIENTS ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF HUBBARD BROILER CHICKS92394122379ENMostafa KamalSheblDep. of Poult. Prod., Fac. of Agric., Alex. Uni., Alex., Egypt.Mohamed IbrahimHassanDepartment of Livestock, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI),
City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRAT-City)
Universities and Research Center District, New Borg El-Arab,Alexandria,Egypt.Journal Article20180919In total, 864 fertile eggs from Hubbard breeder hens were obtained from a commercial hatchery and were randomly distributed in a factorial arrangement of 3*3, factorial design with three levels of L-Arginine (L-Arg) (0%, 1% and 2%) and three levels of fresh Royal Jelly (RJ) (0%, 10% and 20%), in nine treatments containing (96 eggs each). Results showed that in ovo injection with 1, 2% L-Arg, or 10% RJ improved hatchability by 6.25, 7.29 and 8.33%, respectively, compared with those of non-injected treatment. Whereas, injection of 20% RJ insignificantly decreased hatchability percentage compared with non-injected group. The in ovo injection of eggs with 1, 2% L-Arg, or 10 and 20% RJ improved chicks’ weight at hatch by 2.34, 1.63, 1.65 and 3.91%, respectively compared with those of non-injected group. Also, injection of eggs by 1, 2% L-Arg or 10 and 20% RJ produced chicks have higher relative intestine weight by 0.3, 1.34, 0.64 and 0.16%, respectively over those of non-injected group. However, chicks injected with the mixture of 2% L-Arg and 10% RJ recorded reduction in the relative intestine weight (-0.28%) among the other mixtures, compared with the results of non-injected group. Results indicated that the in ovo injection of L-Arg and RJ was effective in increasing the liver glycogen content of Hubbard chicks at hatch, and this trend increase with the increase of level of nutrient and with mixing between both nutrients. Results showed that the treatment levels whatever L-Arg or RJ has insignificant influence on villi width, length and surface area. Furthermore, the injection of both 1 and 2% of L-Arg were more effective than other levels 10 and 20% or RJ levels with respect of villi width. Results indicated that the highest relative sodium glucose co-transporter 1 gene expression value produced with Hubbard broiler breeder eggs injected with the studied low levels of L-Arg and RJ. In conclusion, it can be concluded that the in ovo injection with 10% RJ and 2% Arg may be recommend to apply with Hubbard breeder eggs to achieve good hatching traits. Also, the in ovo injection with 1% Arg+20 % RJ mixture has good improvement on intestine weight and villi measurements (gut development) at hatch.
<strong> </strong>The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562338420181219EVALUATION OF DRIED PEPPERMINT LEAVES AS NATURAL GROWTH PROMOTERS ALTERNATIVE TO ANTIBIOTICS ON JAPANESE QUAIL9439582238610.21608/epsj.2018.22386ENAbdelwahab AbdallahAbdelwahabPoultry production department,faculty of agriculture, fayoum university, fayoum,EgyptJournal Article20180919A total number of 360 sexed, one day old Japanese quail were used to study the effect of using dried peppermint leaves (DPL)as natural growth promoters alternative to antibiotics at the levels of (0, 8mg avilamycin / kg diet, 1%DPL and 3 %DPL) under the two sexes (males and females). The obtained results abbreviated as follows: Treatments significantly affected most studied traits more than sex effect did. Females had higher LBW<sub>38d</sub>, BWG<sub>10-38,</sub> PI <sub>10-38, </sub>dressing%, giblets weight and giblets% than males. Treatments significantly affected, serum biochemical indices (except both HDL and ALT), antioxidant parameters and immune responses and intestinal microflora count, favoring the quail fed diet supplemented with peppermint 3% which had the best growth performance. Quail fed diet appended withpeppermint 3% showed desirably lower total cholesterol, and lower lipid profile parameters, random blood sugar, and liver enzyme activities, had the elevated antioxidant parameters, immune responses and the lowest thiobarbaturic acid. Peppermint (3% and 1%) supplementation desirably increased Lactobacillus count as compared with those fed diets appended with avilamycin and the control groups and decreased both E coli and Salmonella counts compared to group of control.
In conclusion, peppermint can be supplemented to growing quail diets up to 3% acting as a good alternative to antibiotic (avilamycin) for promoting quail growth.The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562338420181219IMPACT OF USING CASSAVA ROOT MEAL AND DIFFERENT COLORING AGENTS ON LAYING HEN PERFORMANCE AND EGG YOLK COLOR9599682238810.21608/epsj.2018.22388ENMamdouh OmarJournal Article20180904In this study, 180 Lohman laying hens 50 weeks of age were randomly distributed into 5 groups each has 36 hens in 4 replicates to evaluate the impact of using cassava root meal (CRM) and different coloring agents on laying hen performance, egg quality, egg yolk color and economical efficiency. The 1<sup>st</sup> diet was mainly formulated from yellow corn as a major source of xanthophylls for egg yolk color and served as the control. In the 2<sup>nd</sup> diet, CRM replaced yellow corn at 50% without coloring agents. Three more diets were mainly formulated from diet 2 by adding 2% corn gluten meal, 2.5% potato veins (as a natural source of xanthophylls) or 0.2% canthaxanthin (as synthetic source of xanthophylls) to contain the same amount of xanthophylls as the control diet (12 mg / kg).The overall results showed that there were no significant differences in average values of egg production and feed conversion ratio due to dietary treatments. While, egg weight and feed intake values were significantly decreased with feeding laying hen on diets containing CRM either alone or with adding different sources of xanthophylls compared to those of the control diet. Also, there were no significant differences in average values of egg quality (shape index, shell thickness, Hugh units, egg total lipids and egg cholesterol) due to dietary CRM or using different sources of xanthophylls compared to control diet. While, the egg yolk color score were significantly improved in laying hens fed diet incorporated with either corn gluten meal, potato veins or canthaxanthin compared to laying hen fed diet containing only CRM. Results showed that the average values of economical efficiency were improved due to feeding laying hen on diets containing CRM either alone or with adding different sources of xanthophylls. It could be concluded that, cassava root meal could be used with adding different sources of xanthophylls to save about 50% of yellow corn in laying hen diets without any detrimental effect on laying hen performance, egg yolk color and economical efficiency of egg production during summer season. The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562338420181223EFFECTS OF FORMS FEED AND SODIUM CHLORIDE ON PERFORMANCE, BLOOD PROFILE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILERS CHICKS UNDER HOT CLIMATIC CONDITIONS9699802268010.21608/epsj.2018.22680ENAhmad Abo BakrAbdel-WarethDep. of Anim. and Poult. Prod., Fac. of Agric., South Valley Uni., 83523 Qena, EgyptJournal Article20180924The study was investigated to determine the effects of feed physical form and sodium chloride on performance, blood profile and carcass criteria of broiler chickens. One hundred and eighty, one day old Ross broiler chicks were randomly distributed into sex treatment groups. Each treatment group consisted of three replicates of 10 birds each. A factorial design (2×3) was used in which there were two feed forms (mash and pellet). Both mash and pellet diet groups were subdivided into three treatments each (drinking tap water; control group), 1500 ppm sodium chloride and 3000 ppm sodium chloride in drinking water, respectively. The results showed that Body weight, weight gain and feed intake of broilers fed pellet-diet was significantly greater than that of those fed mash diet at 2 and 6 weeks of age. However, Growth performance parameters such as body weight and weight gains were not significantly affected due to the supplementations of sodium chloride in water. Feed conversion ratio was also not significantly affected by the dietary physical form or sodium chloride. Water intakes of broilers were significantly affected by the dietary physical form or sodium chloride levels. Serum K and Ca of broilers fed mash-diet were significantly greater than that of those fed pellet-diet. There were significant differences on serum P and aldosterone concentrations of broilers drinking water supplemented with NaCl levels, but had no effect (P>0.05) on the other variables evaluated. Dressing percentage and internal organs such as liver and gizzard were not significantly affected due to feed physical form or the supplementations of sodium chloride in water, but had effect (P>0.05) on spleen and heart. Based on these results, it can be concluded that fed pellet-diet with or without sodium choride up to 3000 ppm improved productive performance but had no consistent effect on overall carcass traits of broilers. The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562338420181201EFFECT OF TYROSINE , TRYPTOPHAN AND CANTHANTHIN EITHER ALONE OR IN COMBINATION ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF EGYPTIAN DEVELOPED LAYING HENS IN POST-PEAK EGG PRODUCTION PERIOD , IN PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF SODIUM SULPHATE9819982323810.21608/epsj.2018.23238ENMohamed NabilAliAnim.Prod. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Ministry of Agric., Dokki , Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20181124This study examines the hypothesis that tyrosine and tryptophan and canthanthin either alone or in combination in absence or presence of sulphate ion, can improve the performance of local laying hens in post-peak period (39-58 weeks). A total number of 360 hens plus 36 cocks 39 weeks old from Inshas strain were equally divided into 12 group with 3 replicates (10 hens+ 1 cocks each) and housed in wire cages . The experimental hens fed from 39 to 58 week of age the control diet without or with 6 ppm Canthaxanthin (CAN) , 0.05% tyrosine(TYR) , 0.05% tryptophan(TRY) , 6 ppm CAN + 0.05% TYR, 6 ppm CAN + 0.05% TRY . The rest of treatments from were fed the same previous treatments plus 0.5 % anhydrous sodium sulphate (SS). The most important results obtained were as follow:
1-All dietary feed additives used in this study increased egg number, egg mass and
shell thickness .
2-The addition of SS increased the beneficial effect of CAN, TYR and TRY.
3- The carotenoids like CAN with TYR or TRY in presence or absence of SS can
improve the egg production, fertility and hatchability of developed laying hens in
post-peak period.
In conclusion, the mixture of CAN+TYR+SS was the most successful additive on productive performance.The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562338420181226IMPROVEMENT THE PRODUCTIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS BY EARLY HEAT ACCLIMATION AND GLUTAMINE INJECTION100110132293310.21608/epsj.2018.22933ENYaser SedekRezkPoult. Breed. Res. Dep., Anim. Prod. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Centre, Min. of Agric., Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181007This study aimed to investigate how to enhancing the resistance of broiler chicks to hot climate by using both early heat shock exposure and glutamine injection (GI). A total of 360 male chicks, one-day old of Cobb breed were randomly distributed into equal 6 treatments each of three replicates . The experimental groups were arranged as follows: the 1<sup>st</sup> group (T1) used as a control and reared under natural conditions, the 2<sup>nd</sup> group (T2) exposed to heat challenge (33±3ºC) from one up to 38 days of age, the 3<sup>rd</sup> group (T3) exposed to early heat shock (41±1ºC for four hours from 12:00 pm till 16:00 pm for 3 consecutive days) at the 3<strong><sup>th</sup></strong> up to 5<strong><sup>th</sup></strong> days of age, the 4<sup>th</sup> group (T4) was injected with Gl 0.75 mg/kg weight at the 2<strong><sup>th</sup></strong> day of age, then Exposed to early heat stress shock as in T3 ,the 5<sup>th</sup> group (T5) was exposed to heat shock (41±1ºC for four hours from 12:00 till 16:00 for 3 consecutive days) at the 3<strong><sup>th</sup></strong> up to 5<strong><sup>th</sup></strong> and 15<strong><sup>th</sup></strong> up to 17<strong><sup>th</sup></strong> days of age, and the 6<sup>th</sup> group of chicks (T6) were injected with Gl (0.75 mg/kg weight) at the 2<strong><sup>th</sup></strong> and 14<strong><sup>th</sup></strong> day of age then exposed to early heat shock as T5 group.
Results revealed that live body weight , body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were improved for chicks in T4 and T6 groups than other treatments with or without significant effect. Some blood constituents , antioxidant statues and immune parameters were affected treatments<strong>.</strong> Relative heart and Gizzard weights were significantly increased for all treatments as compared with the control expect of T3 group . Results indicated that glutamine injection (0.75 mg/kg BW)at the 2<sup>th</sup> and 14<sup>th</sup> days of age for broiler chicks then exposed to induce early heat stock at the 3th up to 5<sup>th</sup> and 15<sup>th</sup> up to 17<sup>th</sup> 3 and 15 days of age might be improved productive and physiological performance during rearing period.The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562338420181223COMPARATIVE STUDY ON EGG PRODUCTION TRAITS AND BIODIVERSITY GENETIC IN EGYPTIAN NATIVE BREEDS OF CHICKEN101510242268310.21608/epsj.2018.22683ENDr. Lamiaa M.Radwanpoultry production, faculty of agriculture, Ain Shams University.0000-0002-3069-8951Journal Article20181021The objective of this research, improving egg production and egg quality traits for Egyptian local breeds by detected loci genes using microsatellites (SSR) technique. Three Egyptian native breeds (Fayoumi, Dandarawi and Sinai) were reared under the same environmental, managerial and hygienic conditions from begin to hatching until end experimental (60 weeks of age). Egg weight, egg percentage, and broken percentage were recorded daily from the onset of lay within 3 months intervals. While, egg quality was evaluated at 36 weeks of age. The results appear that Fayoumi and Sinai hens were produced significantly highest egg production than Dandarawi ones. On the other hand, egg quality slightly differ among breeds on these study. The total number of alleles for seven primers and the diversity percentage within each breed. This data pointed that Dandarawi have the highest diversity while the Fayoumi breed have the highest similarity for the studied primers. On the other hand, when comparison among Fayoumi, Sinai and Dandarawi was carried out and indicated that, Dandarawi line was superior in difference of microsatellite markers compared Fayoumi and Sinai breeds. On the other hand, applied egg number (E.N) and egg production (E.P) traits for breeding programs reflected promising success in case of applying these traits on Fayoumi and Sinai breeds.
The recommended that utilizing molecular markers for selection and therefore, be useful in breeding programsThe Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562338420181223EFFECT OF DIETARY CHOLECALCIFEROL AND ANETHOLE SOURCE ON PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF LOCAL LAYING HENS 1-FROM 25 TO 40 WEEKS OF AGE102510462268810.21608/epsj.2018.22688ENMalak MansourBesharaDepartment of poultry nutrition, Animal production research institute, agriculture research center, EgyptJournal Article20180819A total number of 189 local Sinai laying hens (162 female + 27 males), 25-weeks-old, were equally divided into nine dietary treatments to investigate the effect of dietary different sources of trans-anethol (anise seeds or oil) included three levels of trans-anethol (0, 140 mg trans/anethol from adding 4g anise seeds and 140 mg trans-anethole from adding 180mg anise oil/kg diet) and three levels of cholecalciferol (vitamin D<sub>3</sub>) in 3×3 factorial design on productive and reproductive performance during the laying period (25-40 weeks of age). The dietary levels of trans-anethole and vitamin D<sub>3</sub> included 3x3 factorial design (0, 4g anise seeds and 180 mg anise oil/kg diet, each contained 2000, 2750 and 3500 IU vitamin D<sub>3</sub>/kg diet). The results show that hens fed diet 180 mg anise oil/ kg diet alone or with 3500 IU vitamin D<sub>3</sub>/ kg diet had the highest record of egg production and significantly exceeded basal diet and other treatments. Also, the high level of vitamin D<sub>3</sub> (3500 IU/ kg diet) produced significantly higher egg production than basal diet (2000 IU/kg diet). The best value of feed conversion was observed as a result of the diet with 180 mg anise oil/ kg diet, 3500 IU vitamin D3 and the interaction between the same treatments compared to the basal diet. Hatchability % and chick weight at hatch significantly increased due to addition of 4 g anise seed /kg diet compared to the basal diet. Moreover, addition of 2750 IU vitamin D<sub>3</sub> /kg diet resulted in significantly higher hatchability of fertile eggs and chick weight at hatch than by basal diet. Calcium content in blood serum (mg/ dl) significantly decreased for hens fed diet supplemented with 180 mg anise oil/ kg diet compared to the basal diet. Interaction between 180 mg anise oil and 3500 IU vitamin D<sub>3</sub> /kg diet resulted in a significant increase in total protein of serum. A significant decreased was observed in egg shell calcium content and tibia phosphorus (mg/g) due to addition of 4g anise seed and 180 anise oil/ kg diet compared to the control diet. In this respect, results revealed that the calcium content of egg shell was significantly decreased due to interactions between most dietary treatments. The results revealed an important role of adding 180 mg anise oil + 3500 IU vitamin D<sub>3</sub>/kg in Sinai laying hens diets for maximizing the productive performance and economic efficiency, and the addition of 4 g anise seed powder + 2750 or 3500 IU vitamin D<sub>3</sub> to maximize hatchability % during the period 25-40 weeks of age.The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562338420181223IMMUNOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTIVE RESPOSE OF BROILER CHICKS TO DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION WITH MULTI-ENZYME AND / OR PROBIOTICS104710672269110.21608/epsj.2018.22691ENMahmoud El-kelawyDepartment of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture , New valley University, Egypt.Journal Article20180930The main objectives of this study were to elucidate the effect of multi-enzyme and/or probiotics supplementation on performance, antioxidant status, some blood biochemical parameters and immune responses of broiler chickens. A total of 120, unsexed day-old, broiler chicks were randomly assigned into four groups of 30 chicks in five replicates, six birds each. The first group was used as control and fed the basal diet while, chicks in the 2<sup>nd</sup>,3<sup>rd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with multi enzymes (Avizyme at 0.20 g/kg diet), probiotics (Biacton at 0.50 g/kg diet) either singly or in combination. Results showed that live body weight and body weight gain were significantly improved by dietary treatments compared to control group. All treatments had significantly increased dressing and total edible parts (%) and decreased abdominal fat, with the best results being achieved by the combined multi-enzyme and probiotic supplementation. Blood constituents (plasma proteins and lipid fractions, thyroid hormones, especially T<sub>3</sub> and glucose) were significantly affected by treatments. There are significant improvements in hematological traits including RBCs and WBCs counts, hemoglobin concentration, PCV (%), MCV, MCH and lymphocytes (%). Antioxidant status indices and enzymes including TAC, GSH, and SOD did not significantly affected by different treatments, however, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity was significantly higher in broilers fed the supplemented diets compared to the control one. Immune responses in terms of the main lymphoid organs weight (Bursa and Thymus), immunoglobulins (α–globulin, β–globulin, γ-globulin, IgA, and IgG), Phagocytic activity (PA), Phagocytic index (PI), lysozyme activity (LA), Bactericidal activity (BA) and Lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) were significantly improved by treatments compared with the control. It is concluded that a mixture of 0.2g of multi-enzyme plus 0.5g of probiotics /kg diet could be used to improve growth traits and enhance immunity of broiler chicks.The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562338420181223COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF SOME DISINFECTANTS ON EMBRYONIC MORTALITY, HATCHABILITY, AND SOME BLOOD COMPONENTS106910812269910.21608/epsj.2018.22699ENAml MohamedBadranPoultry Breeding Department, Animal Production Research Institute0000-0001-9166-2170Journal Article20181015The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of some different chemical egg disinfectants against bacteria and to study its effect on embryonic mortality, hatchability and some blood biochemicals parameters.
A total of 525 hatching eggs (38-wk-old Golden Montazah) were randomly distributed to seven equal groups. The first group was disinfected by formaldehyde. The second, third and fourth groups were sprayed by 3, 5 and 7% Hydrogen peroxide. While, the fifth, sixth and seventh groups were sprayed by 0.1, 0.5 and 0.7% TH4 (DDAG). Total bacterial counts on hatching eggshell surface and chicks’ caeca salmonella counts, embryonic mortality, hatching percentage, hatched chicks’ weight, and relative weights of liver and spleen were measured. Serum total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, uric acid, creatinine, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and triiodothyronine concentrations were determined. Results indicated that the total number of bacterial counts were significantly higher at pre-disinfection than post-disinfection. The lowest number of bacteria detected was that of the 7% of Hydrogen peroxide and 0.7% TH4 groups. Total embryonic mortality was significantly lower, while, hatchability percentage was higher in the formaldehyde group than the other disinfectants groups. Also, hatchability traits were significantly better while, embryonic mortality were significantly lower in the 5% Hydrogen peroxide group.
In addition, protein profiles, glucose, and triiodothyronine concentrations were significantly lowered, while, kidney and liver functions were significantly higher in the formaldehyde group. While, its values improved in the 5% Hydrogen peroxide group. In conclusion, our results recommended using 5% Hydrogen peroxide as egg disinfectants against bacteria due to its effectiveness and ease of applicationThe Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562338420181223TURMERIC AS AN EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVE TO ANTIBIOTICS FOR PROMOTING GROWTH OF JAPANESE QUAIL108310982270110.21608/epsj.2018.22701ENAbdelwahab AbdallahAbdelwahabPoultry production department,faculty of agriculture, fayoum university, fayoum,EgyptJournal Article20181009Four groups of 360 quail at one day-old distributed at equal body weights and classed to four groups (control and three treatments) the first treatment antibiotic (control diet+ sub-therapeutic dose of avilamycin 8 mg/kg diet), the second and the third Turmeric powder 1% and 3% (control diet +1% and 3% turmeric powder) respectively, and used to test the possibility of using turmeric as natural alternative to antibiotics growth promoters on Japanese quail. The obtained results were summarized as follows: Growth performance was improved through appending quail diets with both 1 and 3% turmeric expressing as heavier LBW38d, BWG10-38, lower FI10-38, better FC10-38 and PI10-38 compared with either the avilamycin treatment or un supplemented group (control) and favoring the 1 % turmeric group which exceeded the 3% turmeric group, however adding turmeric did not affect the carcass, the antibiotic group had the highest dressed meat%. All serum biochemical indices tested at slaughter except HDL and Tri G significantly affected by either treatment or sex effects. The diets supplemented with turmeric showed lower total Cholesterol, LDL, RBS and AST than both avilamycin supplemented and un supplemented groups. Both antioxidant parameters and immune responses significantly affected by treatment effect. Conversely, sex had no effect on these parameters. The increase in turmeric rate of supplementation increased GPx and immune responses (IgG, IgA and IgM) and decreased TBAR. Useful intestinal bacteria (Lactobacillus) in growing quails significantly increased with added turmeric to quail diet and both Salmonella and E. coli (harmful intestinal bacteria) reduced significantly than the control group. The lowest intestinal bacteria counts either useful or harmful were obtained by the avilamycin supplemented group. In conclusion, supplementing quail grower diets with Turmeric1% may be act as an effective antibiotic alternative (avilamycin) for promoting quail growth.The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562338420181226EFFECT OF VITAMIN K3 ON CHICKEN PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE AND BONE QUALITY 2-DURING GROWING PERIOD109911142290210.21608/epsj.2018.22902ENWesam AdeebFaresDepartment of poultry breeding,
Animal Production Research Institute.
A.R.CJournal Article20181104The present study was performed to study the influence of dietary supplementation of Mandarah female birds during the growing period with higher levels of vitamin K<sub>3</sub> more than that recommended on growth performance, tibia bone parameters, X-Ray examination, histological observation and some blood parameters. Three hundred Mandarah chicken females were assigned in cages from 4 to 16 weeks of age. The birds were randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates per each representing the dietary supplementations. The first group was served as control (T1) without any supplementation and fed basal diet containing 3 mg K<sub>3</sub> / kg diet . The rest 4 groups were fed diet supplemented with menadion as additional doses of vitamin K<sub>3 </sub>source to be 5, 7,9and 11mg k<sub>3</sub> / kg diet for T2, T3, T4 and T5 groups, respectively. Results revealed that during the whole experimental period (4-16 wks) of age, all extra supplementations of vitamin k<sub>3 </sub>resulted in a significant (P≤0.05) improvement in body weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared to those for control group (T1), besides T<sub>5</sub> group realized the best significant record of body weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared with the rest experimental groups. Moreover, the best improvement of tibia parameters including length , width , breaking strength, weight, ash%,Ca% and P% were recorded for birds of T4 and T5 groups. Birds of T<sub>5</sub> group (11mg k<sub>3</sub>/kg diet) had the highest values of the serum osteocalcin (OC) and plasma Ca, P, ionized calcium (ICa) and alkaline phosphatase (AP). X- Ray pictures of tibia bone for all vitamin K3 supplemented groups represented high bone density and did not show any incidence of osteopenia. Histological observations of tibia bone for birds of T3, T4 and T5 groups illustrate marked increase of trabecular bone density, osteocytes and periosteum. In conclusion, supplementing the diet containing 3 mg K<sub>3</sub> / kg diet of Mandarah female birds during the growing period with vitamin k<sub>3</sub> to be 11 mg vitamin K<sub>3</sub> / kg diet could be recommended due to beneficial influence of these extra doses on improving growth performance, bone mass ,quality and strength .The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562338420181226SELECTION INDICES FOR IMPROVING BODY WEIGHT IN GABALI RABBITS.111511262290410.21608/epsj.2018.22904ENAmira SolimanEl-Deghadi*Anim. Prod. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Minis. of Agric., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20181009Selection indices were constructed for improving body weight in Gabali rabbits, utilizing records of 515 progenies born from 29 does and 8 sires for four consecutive years. The statistical analysis was carried out using a multi trait animal model to estimate additive, common-litter and residual effects' variances. The adopted model included fixed (the effects of season, parity and litter size at birth) and random effects (additive genetic and common-litter effects) for post-weaning growth traits. Means of body weights of Gabali rabbits ranged from 604.4 g at 4 weeks of age to 2019.9 g at 12 weeks of age. Estimates of h<sup>2</sup> were 0.06, 0.18, 0.26, 0.11 and 0.10 for individual body weight at 4<sup>th</sup>, 6<sup>th</sup>, 8<sup>th</sup>, 10<sup>th</sup>, and 12<sup>th</sup> weeks of age, respectively. The estimate of common-litter effects (c<sup>2</sup>) for body weight at weaning was higher compared with other ages. Estimates of r<sub>G</sub> were high and positive for all possible/attained genetic correlations between body weights at various ages (ranged from 0.37 to 0.91). Selection indices were constructed incorporating the Gabali rabbits body weights at five different ages; body weight at 4<sup>th</sup> (X1), 6<sup>th</sup> (X2), 8<sup>th</sup> (X3), 10<sup>th</sup> (X4) and 12<sup>th</sup> (X5) weeks of age; respectively. In all indices the values of b's for individual traits varied from one index to another and were even, low, moderate to high plus negative in some and positive in other indices. On the basis of relative efficiency of the indices (RIH), the following four indices were recommended for sake of maximizing genetic response to selection.
<span style="text-decoration: underline;">Index no.</span>
<span style="text-decoration: underline;">Values of b</span>
<span style="text-decoration: underline;">RIH</span>
I14
- 0.5195 X2 + 0.6460 X3
0.633
I9
0.8293 X3 - 0.7570 X4 + 0.2950 X5
0.597
I11
- 0.1036 X1 + 0.2854 X3
0.504
I17
0.4562 X3 - 0.1689 X4
0.496
Expected genetic gain changes in each trait varied a lot from one index to the other. Yet, though RIH in some of the indices were found negative while positive in the others in the best indices, expected genetic changes of various traits were all positive. Standard deviation the aggregate of the genotypic (σ <sub>H</sub>) estimates were moderate or high and the heritability values for I14, I9, I11 and I7 indices were 0.21, 0.29, 0.15 and 0.25 respectively,The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562338420181226EFFECT OF IN-OVO INJECTION OF PYRIDOXINE ON HATCHABILITY AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF HATCHED TURKEY POULTS112711402291010.21608/epsj.2018.22910ENAmal MaghawryHekalDep. of Rabbit Breed. Res., Anim. Prod. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Minis. of Agric., Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181009A total number of 720 turkey hatching eggs with an average weight of 81± 1g were used to study the effect of injecting the eggs with pyridoxine (vitamin B<sub>6</sub>) at 10<sup>th</sup>, 17<sup>th</sup> and 24<sup>th</sup> days of incubation. Hatching eggs were divided into equal six groups at each injecting time. The 1<sup>st </sup>group without injection or pierced was served as control 1, the 2<sup>nd</sup> group without injection was pierced in the blunt end and served as control 2, while eggs of the 3<sup>rd</sup> group was injected into amniotic sac through the air sac with 0.2 ml saline solution. The eggs of the 4<sup>th</sup>, 5<sup>th</sup> and 6<sup>th</sup> groups were injected as group 3 with 400, 600 and 800 μg pyridoxine, respectively, dissolved in 0.2 ml saline solution. The results obtained could be summarized as follows: Embryonic mortality percentage (EM) as well as hatchability percentage (H) and chick weight at hatch (CWH) showed significant (P≤0.05) differences among injection times of embryonic development (ED). The best EM, H and CWH values were recorded at the10<sup>th</sup> ED. Injection of 0.2 ml saline solution with different levels of pyridoxine to the hatching eggs, significantly (P≤0.05) decrease the EM and significantly (P≤0.05) improved both H and CWH. The best value of Albumin (A)/globulin (G) ratio was at the 17<sup>th</sup> and 24<sup>th</sup> ED compared to 10<sup>th</sup> ED. The best values of plasma total protein (PTP), globulin (G) and A/G ratio were recorded by eggs injected with the lowest level of pyridoxine (400µg). Moreover, the best value of A/G ratio was recorded by control group at the 24<sup>th</sup> ED. The best value of plasma cholesterol level was recorded for eggs injected the highest level of pyridoxine (800µg) at the 10<sup>th</sup> ED. Plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones were significantly increased (P≤0.05) by increasing pyridoxine injection. On the other hand, insignificant differences were noted in plasma thyroid hormones concentrations due to periods of ED. The highest values of T<sub>3</sub> hormone were recorded by eggs injected the highest level of pyridoxine at both the 24<sup>th</sup> and 17<sup>th</sup> ED, respectively. While the highest values of T<sub>4</sub> hormone were recorded by eggs injected the highest level of pyridoxine at both the 17<sup>th</sup> and 10<sup>th</sup> ED, respectively.
In conclusion, in<strong>-</strong>ovo pyridoxine injection with 800µg to turkey eggs at 10 and 17 day of incubation is a practical and beneficial procedure to improve the hatchability traitsThe Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562338420181226IMMUNOGIOBULIN IgY TRANSFER FROM DAMS TO THEIR EGG YOLKS AND CHICKS IN SOME LOCAL DEVELOPED EGYPTIAN STRAINS114111542291510.21608/epsj.2018.22915ENOsama AbdallahElsayed1Dep. of Poult. Breed. Res., Anim. Prod. Res. Inst., Agric. Res., Centre, Minis. of Agric. Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20181030This work was done to investigate the immune fitness of newly hatched chicks in four local improved Egyptian strains using immunoglobulin-Y (IgY) Index transferred from hens through egg yolk to offspring. The strains used were Mandarah, Matrouh, Silver Montazah and Inshas. 36 hens and 9 cocks of 18 weeks old from each strain were used. IgY concentration was determined in serum of hens and newly hatched chicks. Also, the egg yolk was separated to determine IgY levels in egg yolk. The results of Mandarah strain showed the highest concentration (P≤0.05) of IgY that transferred to egg yolk and offspring, followed by Matrouh, Silver Montazah and Inshas strains that had the lowest (P≤0.05) concentration of IgY. There was significant positive correlation between the levels of total serum IgY and total yolk IgY level in the four breeds. However, Mandarah strain had the highest positive correlation indicating that Mandarah chicks should have the highest passive immunity against infectious diseases during early life. This may contribute to breeding programs when fitness of the offspring is a concern, as this may affect general health status of birds having high immunity that reduces the use of antibiotics and hence favoring organic production of chicken. The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562338420181226INFLUENCE OF IN OVO INJECTION OF L-ARGININE ON HATCHABILITY AND SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF INSHAS LOCAL BREED CHICKEN115511692292510.21608/epsj.2018.22925ENAber AhmedEshraAnim.Prod. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Mini. of Agric., Dokki, EgyptJournal Article20181109This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of in ovo injection of different L-arginine (LA) levels (0, 1, 2 and 3%) at day 7 of incubation period on hatchability (%) and some physiological traits of Inshas local breed chickens . Fertile eggs (n=500) from Inshas laying hens were divided into 5 groups (100 eggs in each treatment group) as follow: the first and the second groups were the negative control non- injected group (G1) and the positive control (injected with saline solution) groups (G2); while the 3<sup>rd</sup> , 4<sup>th</sup> and 5<sup>th</sup> groups were injected in ovo with different L-arginine (LA) levels (1, 2 and 3%). The criteria of response were on hatchability, blood hematology and biochemical traits, as well as histological changes in duodenum, in terms of villi height, width and surface area.
Results revealed a significant (P<0.05) increase of hatchability rate in treated groups (G3, G4 and G5) than the control groups (G1 and G2). However, G3 group has was significantly (P<0.05) the lowest in percentage of hatchability (82.8 %) than in G5 (86.6%), but no significant differences between G4 and G3 and G5 were recorded. The mean values of residual Yolk % and liver (g), were significantly (P<0.05) higher in treated groups G5, G4 and G3 than in control groups.
In ovo injection with L-arginine, resulted in a significant (P<0.05) increase in hemoglobin, total white and red blood cells count in treatment groups than control groups. Moreover, PCV (%) and Heterophils (%) were significantly higher in groups G4 and G5 than in groups G1 and G2 but no significant difference among G3 and other groups. On the other hand, lymphocytes % was not significantly affected by in ovo injection with L-arginine among groups.Chicks produced from eggs injected with L-arginine in groups G4 and G5 showed significant increases (P>0.05) in serum glucose and protein concentrations than in other groups and significant decreases (P>0.05) in serum cholesterol, total lipids and triglycerides concentrations compared with G3 and controls. Average of villus length and surface area were significantly higher in groups 5 and 4 than in G3, G2 and G1 groups, respectively. While, duodenum villus width was significantly higher in groups 5, 4 and 3 than in groups 2 and 1.
Conclusion<strong>:</strong> It can be concluded that the in ovo injection of L-arginine the 7<sup>th</sup> d of incubation would improve hatchability percentage rate, some organ weights, carcass traits and certain blood serum characteristics and hematology, as well as, villus length, width and surface area.The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562338420181201PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES AND PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKS FED DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF CINNAMON POWDER117111842322210.21608/epsj.2018.23222ENAbdallah HassanHussein1 Dep. of Anim. and Poult. Prod., Fac. of Agric., South Valley Uni., 83523 Qena, EgyptJournal Article20181025This study was investigated to evaluate the influence of feeding a natural feed additive, cinnamon powder (CP), at different levels on physiological responses, carcass traits and productive performance of broiler chicks. Ninety six unsexed seven-day old; Hubbard broiler chicks were allocated into four treatment groups. Each treatment consisted of three replicates eight birds each. The first diet was the control without CP. The second, third and fourth diets were supplied with 1, 3 and 5% cinnamon powder, respectively. Results showed that the addition of CP at 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 % has significant effect (P<0.05) on feed conversion ratio at 1-3 WK of age, total protein, globulin, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), heterophiles (H), lymphocytes (L), basophiles (B) and H/L ratios at 6<sup>th</sup> and 7<sup>th</sup> week of age, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and albumin at 6<sup>th</sup> week of age, but no significant effect was observed on BW, BW gain, feed intake at all periods and feed conversion ratio at four to six and one to six WK of age, albumin and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) at 7<sup>th</sup> week of age, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), monocytes (M) and eosinophils (E) at 6<sup>th</sup> and 7<sup>th</sup> week of age. Moreover, the addition of CP did not have any significant effect on carcass traits except spleen and heart weight percentage. It could be concluded that the addition of CP up to 5% seems to have no effect on growth and carcass traits; but, it can be used to improve cellular immune responses for broiler chicks.
The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562338420181201EVALUATION OF USING NANO AND INORGANIC FORMS OF SELENIUM IN FEED OF PARENTS AND GROWING CHICKS OF SILVER MONTAZAH REARED DURING WINTER SEASON118512062324210.21608/epsj.2018.23242ENMona AbdllahSayed1 Dep. of Poult. Manag., Anim.Prod.Res. Inst.,Agric. Res. Center, Giza,EgyptJournal Article20181104The present study amid to evaluate the effect of feeding Silver Montazah parents reared in open system house during winter season on different selenium sources and levels on the fertility of cocks, performance and mortality % of hatched chicks. The examined two selenium sources were nano selenium (Nano-Se) and sodium selenite (SS), and the three supplemental levels of each source were 0.10, 0.25 and 0.40 ppm. 180 females and 90 males of Silver Montazah chickens divided into 6 treatments of three replicates of each. Males and females located in separate battery cages in open system house. Semen characterization was carried out, then hens were artificially inseminated by semen from cocks with the same dietary treatment. A total number of 90 eggs/treatment were incubated and fertility and hatchability were calculated. Hatched chicks fed on control diet containing 0.10 mg SS /kg diet up to 2 wks of age then chicks of each treatment received the same Se treatments of their parents. Growth performance of chicks was recorded up to 8 wks of age. The obtained Results showed that: - Using Nano Se improved semen ejaculate volume, sperm motility, growth performance of hatched chicks during first 2 wks of age and their dressing % and PCV% at 8 wks of age, also it improve significant the activities of antioxidant system and liver functions. , using levels 0.25 mg Se/kg enhance the overall semen quality, fertility and hatchability chick performance and their physiological statues.<br /> <br /> - The overall results of all experiment treatments showed superior effect of using Nano-Se at level 0.25 mg Se /kg diet to enhance the overall reproductive performance of cocks and growth and physiological status of their hatched chicks up to 8 wks. In addition, the examination of blood cells and plasma biochemical measurements showed positive effect on antioxidant system and overall immune status. Based on the obtained results we could recommend using 0.25 mg Nano Se/kg diet to enhance the reproductive performance of Silver Montazah cocks and decrease mortality rate of growing chicks during winter season.<br /> <br /> The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562338420181201A STUDY ON SYNERGISM BETWEEN TWO DIFFERENT SUPPLEMENTAL CARBOHYDRASES ENZYMES TO STANDARD OR LOW ENERGY BROILER DIETS120712282326910.21608/epsj.2018.23269ENHemat Abd ElalAbe ElmegidDep.of Poul. Nut., Anim. Prod.Res. Inst., ARC, Dokki, Giza-12618, Egypt0000-0002-6532-5215Journal Article20181104The objective of the present study was to investigate the synergism relationship between xylanase (Xyl.) and pectinase (Pec.) enzymes when applied in different levels of metabolizable energy (ME) broiler diets based on corn-soybean meal. The study included two experiments. Experiment1 (EXP1) studied the effects of Xyl. and/or Pec. supplementation to corn-soybean standard diet. Experiment 2 (EXP2) examined the enzymes supplemented to different reduced ME diets (lower 100 kca/kg, NC100; and lower 150 kcal/kg, NC150) than control. Growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of broiler were carried out. The obtained results were: EXP1 showed that enzymes supplementation (Xyl., Pec. or both of them) to broiler diets resulted in significant improvement of body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and breast meat yield%, while feed intake (FI) were decreased. Enzyme combinations (Xyl. and Pec.) improved dressing percentage, also lead to significant improvement in total protein (TP) of broiler meat, whereas the individual enzyme had no effect. EXP2: Reducing ME values from normal to NC150 level caused significant reduction in final BW, BWG, carcass edible parts percentage, MDA and TP of broiler meat, and cause significant increase in FI and drip loss of breast meat and drum stick samples percentage of broiler meat. The combination of Xyl. and Pec. supplemented to NC100 and NC150 diets significantly improved growth performance more than the individual enzymes, while, the best FCR was recorded in NC100 supplemented with the combination of Xyl. and Pec. enzymes. The NC150 supplemented with Xyl. and Pec. showed better carcass total weights and dressing percentage compared with other treatments, and the lowest abdominal fat recorded in NC100P. and NC150. In conclusion, the combination of Xyl. and Pec. is more effective than the individual in growth performance and quality of carcass and meat.The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562338420181201USING NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC ANTIOXIDANTS IN LOW-PROTEIN DIETS TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER AND REDUCE LOST NITROGEN IN FECES122912422325010.21608/epsj.2018.23250ENNiamat MahmoudElabdSust. Develo. of Env. and its Pro. Manag. Dep.. Env. Studies and Res. Inst., Uni.of Sadat City. Egypt.Journal Article20181031The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of using natural and synthetic antioxidants for improving growth performance, some blood parameters, manure characteristics and economical efficiency. A total number of 360 Ross breed chicks, two day old, were weighted and randomly distributed into six groups each of sixty birds; each group has three replicates each replicates has 20 birds which were allocated in individual pin. The experiment was approved at the same time following similar design. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. The experimental groups were arranged as the following: T<sub>1</sub>: (positive control),commercial diet, received a 23% crude protein (CP), starter, and 20% CP (grower), according to the breed requirements, without additives; T<sub>2</sub>: (negative control)<strong> </strong>received a 20% CP (starter) and 17% CP (grower) without additives; T<sub>3</sub>: negative control + 0.15g butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT)/ kg diet; T<sub>4</sub>: negative control + 3g pulicaria undulata powder/ kg diet. Results showed that: increasing feed intake, body weight and body weight gain at group T<sub>4</sub> at 36 days. Also, group T<sub>4</sub> at 36 days old was significantly (P < 0.05) the best feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to T<sub>2</sub> group. Group T4 at 36 days old was significantly (P < 0.05) the best values of total protein (TP), albumen (A), globulin (G), A/G ratio, total antioxidant capacity (TAC),glucose (Glu) and triglyceride TG. Also, T<sub>4</sub> significantly (P < 0.05) achieved the best values of % nitrogen (N) reducing compared to positive control. From economical point of view, it can be concluded that negative control + 3g pulicaria undulata powder/ kg diet (T<sub>4</sub>) value for chicks could be recommended for releasing best results of performance.The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562338420190106PRODUCTIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKENS EXPOSED TO DIFFERENT COLORED LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE AND REARED UNDER DIFFERENT STOCKING DENSITIES124312642369410.21608/epsj.2019.23694ENAbdelazeem FahmyAbdelazeemJournal Article20181031This study intended to evaluate the effects of different light colors and stocking densities on productive and physiological performance of broiler chickens. A total number of 648 seven-day-old mixed sex broiler chicks (Ross- 308), were randomly distributed and housed into 6 treatments in three replicates for each density 10, 12 and 14 birds/m<sup>2</sup>. Treatments were exposed to incandescent light (ICL, 60 Watt) as a control, while the others were distributed according to LED colors into Red light (RL), Blue light (BL), Green light (GL), White light (WL), and Mixed light (ML) produced by a light-emitting diode (LED) with light intensity 5 watt /m<sup>2</sup> at 37.5 lux. Interestingly, results indicate that birds reared under LED-BL and stocked at 10 bird /m<sup>2</sup> exhibited significantly (p ≤0.05) higher productive performance than groups exposed to other light colors and densities. However, the highest livability and European production efficiency factor (EPEF) observed for birds exposed to LED-BL and reared under 10 birds / m<sup>2</sup> compared with other groups. Also, birds exposed to LED-BL and kept under 10 birds / m<sup>2</sup> exhibited less fear and stress response as judged by low corticosterone hormone level and increases of melatonin concentration. In addition, lymphoid organ weights and immunity titer response significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved, when bird’s exposed to LED-BL and kept under 10 birds/ m<sup>2</sup> compared with other experimental groups. In conclusion, this study revealed that applying LED-BL with 10 birds /m<sup>2</sup> in broiler house is preferable to other colors and densities because it keeps the birds calmer and showed a significant positive effects on productive and physiological performance compared with other light colors and densities.