The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562334120140315ULTRASTRUCTURE OF EGGSHELL, EGG WEIGHT LOSS AND HATCHING TRAITS OF JAPANESE QUAIL VARYING IN EGGSHELL COLOR AND PATTERN USING IMAGE ANALYSIS117530310.21608/epsj.2014.5303ENHanan HassanFac. of Agric. Poult. Prod. Dept. Fayoum Univ., Egypt.S. El-NesrFac. of Agric. Poult. Prod. Dept. Fayoum Univ., EgyptA. OsmanAnim. Prod. Inst., Agric. Rese. Center, Ministry of Agric, EgyptG. ArramFac. of Agric. Poult. Prod. Dept. Fayoum Univ., EgyptJournal Article20131204This study was carried out to investigate the ultrastructure of eggshell, egg weight loss% and hatching traits of Japanese quail varying in eggshell color and pattern analyzed by image analysis. A total of 2900 eggs were selected from the four groups of eggshell color and pattern (1st group [light eggs (none or rarely of very small spots)], 2nd group [dotted eggs (small and much spots)], 3rd group [spotted eggs (large and many spots)] and 4th group [dark eggs (very large and few spots)] to perform two consecutive hatches of eggs collected for 12 days consecutive each. Eggs of the first hatch were stored for 11 days at room temperature (ranged from 21-25°C and relative humidity 50-60 %) and the eggs of the second hatch were stored for 11 days in a refrigerated room (17○C and 70 % relative humidity). The results of the present study are as follows:<br />- The palisade and mammillary layers were not clear in light eggshell group compared to the other types of eggshell and this light eggshell color was the worst group<br />- Light color eggs group had the highest values of red, green, blue, hue and lightness, egg weight loss % at different periods of storage and embryonic mortality % (mid and late) and it had the lowest values of hatchability % ,hatchability/fertile eggs % (H/F %), chick weight and chick weight %.<br />- Dark color eggs group had the highest values of hatchability % and H/F %. It had the lowest values of red, green, blue, hue and lightness, egg weight loss % at different periods of storage and early embryonic mortality %.<br />- Egg weight loss% increased with increasing time and temperature of pre-incubation storage<br />- Hue of Japanese quail eggshell positively correlated with each of egg weight loss % and embryonic mortality (mid and late) but it negatively correlated with each of hatchability % and H/F%. Saturation of quail eggshell positively correlated with late embryonic mortality % and negatively with H/F %.The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562334120140315EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF PROBIOTIC AND PREBIOTIC ON PREVENTING POST WEANING DIGESTIVE DISORDERS AND PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF GROWING RABBITS1938530410.21608/epsj.2014.5304ENKh. AmberDep. of Poul. Prod., Fac. of Agric., Kafrelsheikh Univ., EgyptFatma Abd El-NabiDep. of Poul. Prod., Fac. of Agric., Kafrelsheikh Univ., EgyptW. MorsyAnim. Prod. Rese. Institute, Agric. Rese. Center, Ministry of Agric., Dokki, Giza, EgyptShama MorsyAnim. Prod. Rese. Institute, Agric. Rese. Center, Ministry of Agric., Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20131104The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of prebiotic (Bio-Mos®, mannoligosacchride), probiotic (Bio-Plus® 2B, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis) and their mix in diets, during different periods (early from 3 to 13 weeks of age, late from 5 to 13weeks of age) on growth performance, digestibility, some blood parameters, carcass characteristics, caecal microbial activity and economic efficiency of growing rabbits. One hundred and forty APRI line rabbits (Egyptian line selected) were divided and assigned randomly into seven experimental groups of 20 rabbits each (10 males + 10 females) of 5 weeks of age with an average live body weight of 582±8.58 gm. Seven experimental treatment groups were as follow: Control: Rabbits fed basal diet without any supplementation, MOS1: Rabbits fed basal diet supplemented with 1 g Bio-Mos/ kg diet from 3 to 13weeks of age (early period), PLUS1: Rabbits fed basal diet supplemented with 0.4 g Bio-Plus/ kg diet from 3 to 13 weeks of age (early period), MIX1: Rabbits fed basal diet supplemented with 1 g Bio-MOS and 0.4 g Bio-Plus/ kg diet 3 to 13 weeks of age (early period), MOS2: Rabbits fed basal diet supplemented with 1 g Bio-Mos/ kg diet from 5 to 13 weeks of age (late period), PLUS2: Rabbits fed basal diet supplemented with 0.4 g Bio-Plus/ kg diet from 5 to 13 weeks of age (late period) and MIX2: Rabbits fed basal diet supplemented with 1 g Bio-MOS and 0.4 g Bio-Plus/ kg diet from 5 to 13 weeks of age (late period).<br />The results of this study showed that rabbits received MIX1 treatment recorded the highest value of daily weight gain, followed by rabbits received MOS1 treatment, but no significant differences between them could be observed, while the lower value was observed for rabbits received control treatment (28.9 and 28.6 vs. 24.1 gm, P<0.001).The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562334120140301EFFECT OF USING DIFFERENT LEVELS AND SOURCES OF ZINC IN LAYER'S DIETS ON EGG ZINC ENRICHMENT3956530510.21608/epsj.2014.5305ENA. BahakaimPoul. Nutrition Dep.Hmat Abdel MagiedPoul. Nutrition Dep.Sahar OsmanPoul. Nutrition DepAmal OmarAnim. Prod. Systems Rese. Dep., Anim. Prod. Rese. Institute, Agric. Rese. Center, Ministry of Agric., EgyptN.Y. AbdelMalakPoul. Nutrition DepNehad RamadanPoul. Nutrition DepJournal Article20180214One hundred and twenty Golden Montazah laying hens (Egyptian local developed strain) aged 24 weeks were divided in two groups each group contains four treatments with two different supplemental sources of zinc, inorganic zinc as zinc sulphate (ZnSo4 7H2O) and organic zinc as zinc methionine to get concentration levels 0.0, 50, 100 and 150 mg supplemental zinc/kg diet to investigate the effect of different dietary levels and sources of zinc and their interaction on the zinc concentration of egg, the productive performance, some egg quality and some blood parameters of laying hens were also estimated. The experimental period lasted for 12 weeks in three subsequent interval periods (four weeks each). Results indicated that increasing zinc levels from 0.0 up to 150 mg/kg either as inorganic or organic significantly increased egg zinc concentration without any adverse effect on egg production. The highest concentration of egg zinc was observed for layers fed diet supplemented with 150 mg zinc/ kg diet as an organic Zn (Zn methionine). Supplementing laying hens' diet with zinc as zinc methionine significantly increased egg production. In that, 100mg supplemental zinc as Zn methionine gave the best feed conversion and egg mass. Also, organic zinc supplementation significantly increased plasma zinc, total protein, albumen, and globulin and improved A/G ratio. Albumen index and Haugh unit significantly affected by increasing zinc levels.<br />In conclusion supplemented laying hens diet with 150 mg zinc as zinc methionine / kg diet gave zinc enriched egg which could supply 19.45 % of daily requirements of zinc for children from 1-8 years and additionally gave advancement in productive performance for laying hens.The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562334120140301PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND IMMUNE RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKS AS AFFECTED BY DIETARY MARJORAM LEAVES POWDER5770530610.21608/epsj.2014.5306ENA. AliAnim. and poult. Prod. Dep., Fac. of Agric., South Valley Univ., Qena, EgyptJournal Article20180214Ninety six unsexed one-day old, Ross 308 broiler chicks, were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups. Each treatment had 3 replicates with 8 chicks each. The chicks of each replicate were allocated in a cage. The basal experimental diets had 24 and 22% crude protein and 3009 and 3135 Kcal ME/kg diet for the starter and the grower diet, respectively. The experiment was included four treatments, treatment 1; chicks were fed on basal diet without any addition (control). Whereas, in treatments 2, 3 and 4 chicks were received 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% marjoram leaves powder (Origonum marjorana), respectively.<br />Supplementing the broiler diet with marjoram leaves powder increased significantly (P<0.05) Live body weight (BW) at 21 and 42 days of age, daily body weight gain (BWG) at all periods and globulin than the control group. Moreover, addition of marjoram improved (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) at all periods and decreased significantly (P<0.05) daily feed intake (FI) at 4-6 and 0-6 weeks of age, albumin and albumin/ globulin ratio in the treated groups as compared with control group. Conversely, supplementing the broiler diets with marjoram leaves powder had no significant effect on feed intake (FI) at 0-3 weeks of age, hematocrit HCT, hemoglobin, glucose, total protein, cholesterol , LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, heterophils (H), lymphocytes (L), monocytes, H/L ratio, averages of serum haemagglutinin antibody (Ab.) titers against SRBC's at 6 weeks of age and spleen and bursa percentages. Overall, these data indicate that, supplementing marjoram into the broiler diets improved productive performance but it did not affect the immune response.The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562334120140301PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND IMMUNE RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKS AS AFFECTED BY DIETARY THYME LEAVES POWDER7184530710.21608/epsj.2014.5307ENA. AliAnim. and poult. Prod. Dep., Fac. of Agric., South Valley Univ., Qena, EgyptJournal Article20180214Ninety six unsexed one-day old, Ross 308 broiler chicks, were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups. Each treatment had 3 replicates with 8 chicks each. Chicks of each replicate were allocated in a cage with floor space 100 x 50 cm (0.5 m2). The basal experimental diets had 24 and 22% crude protein and 3009 and 3135 Kcal ME/kg diet for the starter and grower diet, respectively. Chicks in treatment 1 were fed on basal diets without any addition (control). Whereas, in treatments 2, 3 and 4 chicks were received 0.5%, 1.0% or 1.5% thyme leaves powder (Thymus vulgaris), respectively. Supplementing broiler diets with thyme leaves powder significantly increased (P<0.05) final body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG) from 4-6 and 0-6 weeks of age, glucose and HDL-cholesterol compared with those of the control group. Moreover, supplementing broiler diets with thyme leaves powder improved (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) during growth periods of (4-6) and (0-6) weeks of age and decreased (P<0.05) cholesterol levels in the treated groups as compared with those of the control group. On the other hand, supplementing diets with thyme leaves powder had no significant effect (P≥0.05) on body weight at 21 days of age, feed intake (FI) during all periods, feed conversion ratio (FCR) from 0-3 weeks of age, hematocrit HCT, hemoglobin, total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/ globulin ratio, LDL cholesterol, heterophils (H), lymphocytes (L), monocytes, H/L ratio, averages of serum haemagglutinin antibody (Ab.) titers against SRBC's at 6 weeks of age and spleen and bursa percentages. So, these data indicate that, supplementing thyme into the broiler diets improved productive performance without any detrimental impacts on immune responses and blood parameters.The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562334120140301GENETIC EVALUATION OF SOME ECONOMIC TRAITS IN A MATERNAL LINE OF RABBITS8598530810.21608/epsj.2014.5308ENHanaa MoustafaPoul. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Alexandria UniversityA. El-RaffaPoul. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Alexandria UniversityM.K. SheblPoul. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Alexandria UniversityA. El-DelebshanyPoul. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Alexandria UniversityNadia El-SayedAnim. Prod. Res., Inst., Agric. Res. CenterJournal Article20180215Genetic evaluation of growth and litter traits was carried out in a line of rabbits selected for litter size at weaning. The evaluation was performed on 483 does and 10847 offspring over six consecutive years of production from 2005 to 2011, using BLUP under an animal repeatability model. The high proportions of animals with positive transmitting ability estimates for slaughter weight makes this trait much better to select for than weaning weight or daily weight gain, if we are looking for growth improvement. Whereas, for litter traits studied, Litter size at weaning seems to be the best trait to use as a selection criteria for improving the reproductive performance rather than Litter size at birth or Number born alive. Estimates of rank correlations were low between weaning weight and both of slaughter weight & daily weight gain While, correlation among ranks of transmitting ability value between slaughter weight and daily weight gain was moderate. Genetic trends estimated as a regression coefficient of trait breeding values on year of birth, which present generation number, for growth and litter traits were about 9 and 58 g/ year for weaning weight and slaughter weight, respectively. Whereas, for daily weight gain during the fattening period, the genetic trend increased yearly by 1.08 g/ d. The value of genetic trend for litter size at weaning, which used as criteria of selection in this line, means that, we can get one kit more from each litter each 12 generations.The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562334120140301GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC CORRELATIONS OF BODY WEIGHT AND SHANK LENGTH WITH SOME EGG PRODUCTION-RELATED TRAITS IN TWO JAPANESE QUAIL GENOTYPES DIFFERING IN PLUMAGE COLOUR133149530910.21608/epsj.2014.5309ENBothaina MahmoudPoul. Prod. Dep., Fac. of Agric., Fayoum Univ., EgyptGihan FarahatPoul. Prod. Dep., Fac. of Agric., Fayoum Univ., EgyptEnsaf El-FullPoul. Prod. Dep., Fac. of Agric., Fayoum Univ., EgyptJournal Article20180215This study was carried out to identify the white plumage in Japanese quail and compare it with the brown-type quail for possible genetic and phenotypic differences associated with the plumage colour, estimate the genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients between both body weight (BW) and shank length (SL) at different ages from hatch up to 35 days of age based on weekly intervals and the age at the first egg (AFE), number of days needed to produce the first 10 eggs (DN10), number of days needed to produce the first 30 eggs (DN30), age at first 10 eggs (AGE10), age at first 30 eggs (AGE30), egg mass of the first 10 eggs (EM10), egg mass of the first 30 eggs (EM30), number of eggs produced in the first month (ENFM), number of eggs produced in the second month (ENSM), number of eggs produced in the first two months (ENFTM), egg mass for the first month (EMFM), egg mass for the second month (EMSM) and egg mass of the first two months (EMFTM) which individually recorded by bird.
The main results are summarized as the following:<br />1. The brown genotype had significantly heavier BW at the ages 21, 28, 35 day and at sexual maturity, where longer SL at 7 and 21 day of age than the white genotype. The white genotype had significantly heavier BW at one day old than the brown genotype.<br />2. The brown genotype matured at earlier age than the white genotype (P≤0.05) by 6.08 days. However, the white genotype had longer days that needed to produce the first 30 eggs(P≤0.05) by 8.66 days and attained the first 10 and 30 eggs at later ages (27.32 and 38.34 days of age) than the brown genotype.<br />3. There was a good harmony for rg estimates between BW with some egg production-related traits recorded at different ages based on sire covariance components in the white and brown genotypes (approximately 64.83% of their results). The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562334120140301CROSSBREEDING COMPONENTS FOR DAILY GAIN AND GROWTH RATE TRAITS IN CROSSING OF RHODE ISLAND RED WITH GIMMIZAH CHICKENS151163531010.21608/epsj.2014.5310ENBothaina MahmoudFac. Agric, Poult. Prod. Dep. Fayoum Univ., EgyptEnsaf El-FullFac. Agric, Poult. Prod. Dep. Fayoum Univ., EgyptJournal Article20180215A crossbreeding experiment was carried out between two genotypes of chicken namely Rhode Island Red (RIR) as standard foreign breed and Gimmizah (Gim) as a developed strain. Two crosses were made: ♂RIR x ♀Gim and its reciprocal cross (♂Gim x ♀RIR) to study crossing effects on variance components of the studied traits with an approach to potency ratio. The studied traits were: daily gain (DG) and growth rate (GR) during different periods: hatch (0 week)-4, 4-8, 8-12, 0-8 and 0-12 weeks of age for the combined sex and separately for each sex by genotype.<br />Results showed there were significant differences for DG and GR for the combined sexes of both genotypes from 0 to 12 weeks of age . Gim had higher DG0-4, DG4-8, DG0-8 ,GR0-4 and GR0-8 than those of other genotypes. RIR had higher DG8-12 and DG0-12 and had faster GR during 4-8, 8-12 and 0-12 weeks of age than those of other genotypes. There were significant differences for DG and GR among males of genotypes from 0 to 12 weeks of age except DG0-8. There were significant differences for DG and GR among females of genotypes from 0 to 12 weeks of age, except DG0-4 and DG0-12.<br />Estimates of direct additive effects for the combined sex were negative and highly significant for DG0-4, DG4-8, DG0-8 and GR8-12 being -0.54, -1.23, -0.47 and -4.50, respectively. Therefore, direct additive effects favoring Gim sires for previous traits. RIR had better performance than Gim sires for DG8-12, DG0-12 ,GR4-8 and GR0-12, because of the highly significant positive direct additive effects for these traits.<br />Direct additive effects of both males and females were positive and highly significant for DG4-8 , DG8-12, GR8-12 and GR0-12. All estimates of maternal effects for the combined sexes were positive and highly significant for DG during all experimental periods , GR4-8 , GR8-12 and GR0-12. However, maternal effect estimates of both males and females were negative and significant for DG8-12, GR4-8 and GR8-12 .The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562334120140301EFFECT OF CROSSING AND SEASONS ON EGG PRODUCTION TRAITS IN TURKEYS165185531110.21608/epsj.2014.5311ENEmad AminDesert Rese. Center, Ministry of Agric., EgyptJournal Article20180215Crossing between two varieties of turkeys (local Black Baladi (BB) and a commercial White Nicholas (WW) was carried out to estimate heterosis, direct additive and maternal effects for egg production traits, in addition to season effect.The breeding plan permitted the simultaneous production of the two pure varieties (BB and WW) and their reciprocal crosses (WB and BW) throughout two successive years from 2006 to 2007. Crossing and season had significant effect on all egg production traits. Genotypes by season's interactions were significant. The crossbred (BW) had better performance than those of the reciprocal cross (WB) for age at 50 % egg production, EN/hen, egg weight, egg mass and feed conversion during summer, autumn and spring seasons of laying. The superiority of BB as sires suggests that the use of this variety as a terminal sire breed in crossbreeding programs including WW dams would be beneficial for improving the former traits.The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562334120140301EFFECT OF REPEATED BACKCROSSING FOR TWO GENERATIONS BETWEEN THE LOCAL BLACK BALADI AND WHITE NICHOLAS TURKEYS ON EGG PRODUCTION AND HATCH TRAITS 1- EGG PRODUCTION TRAITS187211531210.21608/epsj.2014.5312ENEmad AminDesert Rese. Center, Ministry of Agric., EgyptJournal Article20180215The present study was carried out at the Maryout Research Station, Desert Research Center; Ministry of Agriculture to study a backcrossing experiment between two strains of turkey summarized Black Baladi (BB) and commercial White Nicholas (WW) as well as their reciprocal crosses through three successive years. Results were as follows:<br />1- There was a highly significant difference between the different genotypes for both of body weight (BWSM) and age (ASM) at sexual maturity, egg number (EN), rate of laying (RL%), egg mass production (EM), egg weight (EW), feed intake (FI1) (Kg /hen /52weeks), feed intake (FI2) (g /egg) and feed conversation (Kg feed /Kg egg) (FC) through the three studied generations. No significant differences between BB varieties were found through the three studied generations in all former traits. Although the WW pullets were heavier than BB ones in the first generation, it was decreased from one generation to another so, there was no significant difference between WW and backcross of (7/8W x 1/8B) in the 3thgenerations.<br />2- As for strait-bred differences, the results showed that WW variety was superior to BB population in the three studied generations for BWSM, ASM, EW and FI1, but the superiority was decreased at the second and the third generations. The pure BB variety had the highest values for (EN), (RL), (EM), (FI2) and (FC) compared to the different studied genotypes through the 1st, 2nd and 3thgenerations.<br />3- After two repeated backcrossing pullets of BB laid significantly the highest number of eggs (93.3egg) compared to the WW pullets and those of the backcrosses of 7/8W x 1/8B and 7/8B x 1/8W (55.5, 45.5 and 76.5egg, respectively,), The estimates of rate of laying (RL %) had the same trend which observed in EN of the different generations studied.The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562334120140301ROLE OF SPRAYING HATCHING EGGS WITH NATURAL DISINFECTANTS ON HATCHING CHARACTERISTICS213230531310.21608/epsj.2014.5313ENE.H. ShaheinAnim. Prod. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, EgyptEman SedeekAnim. Health Res. Inst., Alex. Provincial Lab., Agric. Res. Center, EgyptJournal Article20180215The present experiment was carried out to study the role of spraying hatching eggs with natural disinfectants on hatching characteristics and eggshell bacterial counts. Seven hundred females with seventy males from Gimmizah chickens aged 45 wk were housed in floor pens. Hatching eggs produced from Gimmizah hens were collected four times a day and subjected to disinfection within the first four hours after laying. Two thousand and one hundred hatching eggs were divided into seven treatment groups. Eggs of first and second groups were sprayed by propoplis 7% and 14%, respectively. The third and the fourth groups were sprayed by thyme oil 0.5% and 0.7%, respectively. The fifth group was sprayed by ethyl alcohol 70%, the sixth group was subjected to formaldehyde fumigation for 20 minutes (119.8ml formalin and 59.9gm potassium permanganate /2.83m3) and the seventh eggs group was considered as control (untreated).<br />Results obtained are summarized as follows:-<br />1- Spraying the eggs with propolis 14% and thyme oil (0.5 and 0.7%) significantly decreased egg weight loss percentage during the setting phase compared with the other experimental disinfectants, fumigation and control.<br />2- Highest significant percentages of embryonic mortalities during the whole incubation period (O-pipping) were observed for eggs disinfected with ethyl alcohol and control untreated groups, whereas the lowest ones were detected for eggs disinfected with both concentrations of propolis (7 and 14%) and formaldehyde fumigation.<br />3- Hatchability percentages were significantly increased for both propolis concentrations and formaldehyde fumigation.<br />4- The heaviest chick body weight at hatch and at pull out were recorded for chicks produced from group treated with propolis 14% compared with those produced from other egg treatments.The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562334120140301NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF OIL REFINING BY-PRODUCTS AS A SOURCE OF ENERGY AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS IN BROILER DIETS I. UNTRADITIONAL FAT SOURCES IN BROILER DIETS229244531410.21608/epsj.2014.5314ENJournal Article20180215One hundred and twenty five-day–old unsexed broiler chicks (Ross 500) were used to evaluate the nutritive value,some plasma components, carcass traits, some bone measurements, and economic values of traditional oil and oils and fats refiningby- product sources supplemented to its starter, grower and finisher diets starting from 7 to 35 day old. Chicks were reared in broiler fitted batteries.The tested oils/fats sources were soybean oil (SBO), palm oil (PO), dry fat (DF), fatty acids (FA) and distillated fatty acids (DFA) at levels of 2, 3 and 4% in the starter, grower and finisher diets, respectively. Chemical analysis of the experimental treatments indicated that SBO have a higher content of oleic and linoleic acids. The DFA contained a middle level of linoleic acid and higher level of linolenic acid.<br />Results indicatedthat, different experimental treatments didn’t have any significant effect on chick performance including feed intake, body weight gain or feed conversion ratio at any period or overall period of the experiment. The same result was noted at 35 day-old for carcass traits, tibial measurements except for tibia width (mm) which recorded significant higher value with SBO and DFA treatments compared with the other treatments. The DFA treatment exhibited the highest CP% of breast meat among the experimental groups, while the highest E.E. percent of breast was recorded for both PO and DFA treatments. A significant higher percent of CP and ash content of tibia was recorded for FA and DF treatments, respectively. The CP% of drumstick meat was higherfor both DFA and FA treatments compared with the other experimental treatments.<br />Regarding to plasma components, a significant higher values of triglycerides were recorded for FA and DFA groups; total cholesterol for DF and DFA groups, total protein for SBO, DF and FA treatments; GOT for PO and DFA treatment; GPT for DFA treatment andphosphorous for DFA group.The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562334120140301EFFECT OF ENZYMES AND PROBIOTIC MIXTURESUPPLEMENTATION TO THE DIET OF GROWING FEMALE RABBITS ON PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CRITERIA259272531510.21608/epsj.2014.5315ENJournal Article20180215A factorial design (3breeds x 3 Supplemented diets) of the present study was determined. A total number of eighty one New Zealand White (NZW), California (CA) and Ve-Line (VL) growing rabbit females strains at 30 days old wassimilarly body weights averaged (550 g ± 33) and was distributedinto9 groups (G1 toG9), eachofthreeequalreplicates. G1 to G3 (Enz0) for NZ, CA and VL strains, respectivelywere served as controls. G4 to G6 (Enz1) for NZ, CA and VL strains, respectively were supplemented with 1 g Veta-zyme/kg commercial diet, while the G7 to G9 (Enz2) were supplemented with 2 g Veta-zyme/kg commercial diet. The experiment was terminated when rabbits were 72 days old. Body weights (BW), body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) were recorded. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated. At the end of the experiment, 6 femalesfor each group were slaughtered to determine carcass criteria. The obtained results could be summarized as follows: No significant differences in BWG, FI and FCR among different strains were observed. Supplementing Enz1 or Enz2in growing diets exceeded significantly (P≤0.05) exceeded BW, BWG and FCR than those of Enz0during the experimental period(30 to 72 days of age). However, the improvement in FCR and increasing in BW and BWG were higher in Enz1 groups than those of Enz2 ones. Veta-zyme supplementedin diet had no affect on FI.There were no significant differences in carcass criteria under study due to strains or Veta-zyme supplement todiet except liver weight percentage. Conclusively, from these results could be concluded that supplemental Veta-zyme at the levels of 1g/kg diet for different growing female three rabbit strains improved growth performance.The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562334120140301EFFECT OF ENZYMES AND PROBIOTIC MIXTURE SUPPLEMENTATION TO THE DIET ON PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CRITERIA OF GROWING FEMALES OF THREE RABBIT STRAINS273288531610.21608/epsj.2014.5316ENJournal Article20180215A factorial design (3breeds x 3 Supplemented diets) of the present study was determined. A total number of eighty one New Zealand White (NZW), California (CA) and Ve-Line (VL) growing rabbit females strains at 30 days old was similarly body weights averaged (550 g ± 33) and was distributed into 9 groups (G1 to G9), each of three equal replicates. G1 to G3 (Enz0) for NZ, CA and VL strains, respectively were kept untreated and served as controls. G4 to G6 (Enz1) for NZ, CA and VL strains, respectively were supplemented with 1 g Veta-zyme/kg commercial diet, while the G7 to G9 (Enz2) were supplemented with 2 g Veta-zyme/kg commercial diet. VETA–ZYME PLUS as a multi enzymes product containing; Each 1 g contains Amylase 550 U, Protease 2000 U, Cellulase 400 U, Lactobacillus acidophilus 200 millions colony forming units (CFU). The experiment was terminated when rabbits were 72 days old. Body weights (BW), body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) were recorded. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated. At the end of the experiment, 6 females for each group were slaughtered to determine carcass criteria. The obtained results could be summarized as follows: No significant differences in BWG, FI and FCR among different strains were observed. Supplementing Enz1 or Enz2 in growing diets exceeded significantly (P≤0.05) exceeded BW, BWG and FCR than those of Enz0 during the experimental period (30 to 72 days of age). However, the improvement in FCR and increasing in BW and BWG were higher in Enz1 groups than those of Enz2 ones. Veta-zyme supplemented in diet had no affect on FI. The results reveal that growth performance traits (BW, BWG and FCR) of VL strain with Ezn2 supplemented were increased in all groups as compared with NZW and CA strains. There were no significant differences in carcass criteria under study due to strains or Veta-zyme supplement to diet except liver weight percentage.The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562334120140301EFFECT OF SELECTION FOR HIGH LIVE BODY WEIGHT ON SLAUGHTER PERFORMANCE OF BROILER BREEDERS289304531710.21608/epsj.2014.5317ENJournal Article20180215The performance of the Cairo B-2 line was evaluated after eight generations of selection for increasing six week live body weight (LBW) compared with a Random Bred Control (RBC) line. Three thousand chicks, from the ninth generation, from both lines were raised in the same house until 6 weeks of age. Water and feed were provided ad libitum. Light was provided 24 hours per day. LBW at 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks of age were determined for the Cairo B-2 and RBC lines. At 6 week of age 30 males and 30 females from each line were slaughtered to determined carcass characteristics. Our results indicated that, Cairo B-2 line weighed 35% more than the RBC in the ninth generation. The difference in LBW between the Cairo B-2 and RBC lines was 396 g at 6 weeks of age. In addition, the Cairo B-2 line had significantly higher carcass, breast meat, leg meat, abdominal fat weight and percentages than the RBC line. However, the RBC line had significantly higher wings with bones percentages than the Cairo B-2 line. Also, Cairo B-2 line had significantly longer shanks and keels than the RBC line. On the other hand, the RBC line had significantly higher edible giblets percentages than Cairo the B-2 line. It was concluded that, selection for increasing 6-week LBW, in chicken, caused concurrent increases in carcass parts percentages and decreases in edible giblets percentages. Also, continuous selection for increasing 6-week LBW, in Cairo B-2 line, caused improvement in its performance from one generation to the next.The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562334120140301THE EFFECT of INCORPORATING TREATED JOJOBA MEAL IN BROILER DIETS ON PRODUCTIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE305331531810.21608/epsj.2014.5318ENJournal Article20180215The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of incorporating treated Jojoba meal (JM); to mainly replace SM; in broiler diets at different levels 0 (control), 4, 7 and 10% on productive performance, some blood constituents, carcass characteristics, carcass chemical compositions, histological examination of small intestine as well as the economical efficiency of Cobb broiler chickens during the fattening period. Chicks with an average weight of (167.48±0.26 g/chick) stocked at a rate of 10 bird/ m2 for 42 days of experimental period. A total number of 180 chicks were randomly distributed into 4 dietary experimental groups (N=45) in each three replicates (n=15). The experimental diets were formulated to contain 0 (control), 4, 7 and 10% treated JM. All diets were nearly isocaloric (3200 ME kcal/kg) and isonitrogenous (23% and 20% CP for starter and grower periods, respectively).Comparing the chemical composition of treated JM with SM, it appears that JM is rich in its amino acids contents similar with SM, implying that it’s a good source of amino acids, although it contains low CP compared with SM. While, JM has higher GE and ME contents than SM, with a low crude fiber compared with SM. The addition of JM had no negative effects on growth performance, where insignificant differences among the experimental groups were observed for LBW at 42 days of age. However, the extraction of antinutritional factors from JM appeared to improve palatability, consequently feed intake was significantly (P≤0.05) increased due to inclusion JM in the diets. The best FCR was observed for birds fed 10% JM compared with other groups. Furthermore, the highest (P≤0.05) total edible parts values were observed for birds fed 10% JM. Abdominal fat percentages were significantly (P≤0.05) decreased due to feeding JM compared to the control group. Inclusion of JM causes significant (P≤0.05) decreases in EE%, of carcass, while CP % was insignificantly affected. However, the addition of JM in broiler diets resulted in benefits effects in decreasing blood lipids profile and increased blood protein fractions, reflecting good physical conditions of the birds.The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562334120140301EFFECTS OF LIGHTING COLORS AND LITTER TYPE ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE STATUS OF BROILERS48950431933710.21608/epsj.2023.319337ENMahmoud MostafaEl-Attrouny2Department of Animal Production,
Faculty of Agriculture at Moshtohor, Benha
University, Egypthttps://orcid.org/00Maha MArafaAnimal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Benha Univ., Egypt.Gaafar El-GendiDepartment of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, EgyptJournal Article20230604This study was performed to study the effects of lighting colors and litter type on growth performance, blood parameters and digestive enzyme activity of broiler chickens. A total number of 336 unsexed hatched chicks (broilers, Indian River IR) were used for 5 weeks. Chicks were allocated in four lighting color: White (WC), Blue (BC), Green (GC), Mixed (BC × GC) light colors. Each color group was further divided in two litter type (sand (SL) and wood shavings (WL)). Chicks of each group were distributed into three replicates. The obtained results revealed that the lighting colors and litter type significantly affected on final body weight and weight gain. Highly significant (P<0.01) increase in body weight and body weight gain were observed in chicks reared under W color WC and SL litter type. Chicks reared on SL litter type showed significantly the highest average of FC, but the lowest values were recorded in WL litter type<strong>.</strong> Mortality rate during all period (1-35 day) was not significantly affected by lighting colors<strong>.</strong> The highest value of digestive enzymes activity (DEA) were observed in GC light group while; the lowest values were recorded in group of WC light. Significant interaction effects (P<0.001) were found in plasma lipid profile. It can be concluded that using white and green light color with sand litter could improve growth performance, blood parameters and digestive enzyme activity in broilers chickens.The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562334120140301EFFECT OF GRAPE SEED EXTRACT ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN BROILERS UNDER HEAT STRESS333343531910.21608/epsj.2014.5319ENJournal Article20180215The major target of this study was to investigate the physiological changes in broiler chicks during exposure to high ambient temperature and elucidate the protective role of grape seed extract in alleviating these expected changes. One hundred and eighty Hubbard broiler chicks (1d-old) were used in the present work. The brooding temperature was maintained at 34°C (55% RH) for the first 2 days, and then decreased gradually to 24°C (55% RH) until 21 days of age. At day 22, birds were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates (n=15 in each replicate). Birds in group1 (TN) kept at 24 ± 1C and 55±5% RH and fed on commercial diet as a negative control. Birds in groups 2, 3 and 4 subjected to cyclic heat stress by exposing them to 36±1C and 65±5%RH for 8h (from 10 am to 6 pm) during the period between 22d to 40d of age. Birds in group 2 (HSGSE0) fed on commercial diet without grape seed extract supplementation as a positive control. Birds in groups 3 (HSGSE1) and 4 (HSGSE2) fed on commercial diets supplemented with 100 and 200mg/kg grape seed extract, respectively. Results showed that heat stress significantly increased body temperature (BT), respiratory rate (RR), heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, corticosterone (CTC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) compared to TN group. Although BT and RR were not affected by GSE supplementation ( 100 or 200mg/kg GSE), liver SOD and GSH were significantly increased and H:L ratio, CTC, TG, LDL, HDL and liver MDA were significantly decreased by GSE supplementation compared to GSE0 group. In conclusion, the obtained data demonstrate that grape seed extract could relieved some negative effects (stress indicators, lipid parameters and antioxidant enzymes) of broilers under heat stress. However, 200mg/kg was more effective than 100mg/kg.The Egyptian Poultry Science AssociationEgyptian Poultry Science Journal1110-562334120140301GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF EGG PRODUCTION TRAITS IN DOKKI-4 STRAIN 1- CORRELATED RESPONSES HERITABILITY, GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC CORRELATIONS FOR EGG PRODUCTION AND EGG QUALITY TRAITS.345362532010.21608/epsj.2014.5320ENJournal Article20180215Dokki-4 is a local strain selected for improving egg number during the first 90 days of laying. Genetic changes were estimated as deviations from its unselected control line per generation. This study was conducted to determine the effect of selection for two generations for egg production and egg quality. The results of selection for egg number during the first 90 days of laying showed:<br />- Average egg number during the first 90 days of laying of the base, first, and second generation were 43.9, 52.7 and 61.9 eggs for the selected line and 43.6, 44.8 and 46.1 eggs for control line, respectively. The cumulative realized response and expected response after two generations were 15.5 and 5.3 eggs, respectively.<br />- Selected line pullets matured earlier than those of the control line by -6.9 and -8.7 days for the first and the second generation. Also, the realized cumulative response after tow generations was 7.5 days.<br />- Average duration period of the first 10 eggs of the base, first and second generations were 26.4, 24.4 and 22.2 days for selected line. The selected pullets decreased in the duration period of first 10 eggs than those of the control line by -2.05 and -2.19 days for the first and second generations.<br />- Egg number till 45 and till 65 weeks of age were increased in the selected line compared with the control line during two generations by 21.1 and 25.9 eggs respectively.<br />- Selected line had significantly better egg mass and feed conversion during the first 90 days of laying, till 45 and 65 weeks of age than the control line.